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biology (semester 2) > Chapter 14 TEST > Flashcards

Chapter 14 TEST Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

True or False
Earth is thought to have formed about 4.6 billion years ago

A

True

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2
Q

True or False
The conditions on primitive earth were very suitable for life

A

False

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3
Q

True or False
Geological events on Earth set up conditions that would play a major role in the evolution of life on earth

A

True

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4
Q

True or False
By the end of the mesozoic, the continents took on their modern shape

A

True

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5
Q

True or False
The first organisms appeared on land between 3.9 to 3.4 billion years ago

A

True

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6
Q

Trace fossil

A

A foot print, trail or burrow, providing evidence of animal activity

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7
Q

Amber-Preserved

A

A fossil embedded in tree sap, valuable because the organism is preserved intact

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8
Q

Petrified Fossil

A

An exact stone copy of an original organism, the hard parts of which have been penetrated and replaced by minerals

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9
Q

Fossil

A

Any evidence of an organism that lived long ago

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10
Q

Imprint

A

The fossil of a thin object (leaf of feather) that falls into sediments and leaves an outline when the sediments harden

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11
Q

Mold

A

The empty space left in rock, showing the exact shape of the organisms that were buried and decayed there

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12
Q

Cast

A

An object formed when a mold is filled by minerals from the surrounding rock

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13
Q

Explain how relative dating works

A

Scientists look at rock layers and come to a realization that the bottom layers are older and the top layers are younger

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14
Q

What is the limitation of relative dating

A

You cannot determine the actual age in years

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15
Q

What dating technique is often used by paleontologists to determine the specific age of a fossil

A

Radiometric dating

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16
Q

How do scientist use radiometric dating to determine the ages of rocks or fossils

A

Scientists compare the amount of radioactive isotopes and the new isotope it decayed into

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17
Q

Whe did the first stromatolite occur

A

Pre-Cambrian

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18
Q

When did primates evolve and diversify

A

Cenozoic era

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19
Q

What era is divided into the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods

A

Mesozoic era

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20
Q

What era saw an explosion of life (invertebrates and the plant phyla)

A

Paleozoic

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21
Q

What era did mammals appear in

A

Mesozoic

22
Q

What era did flowering plants occur

A

Mesozoic

23
Q

What era did amphibians and reptiles appear in

A

Paleozoic

24
Q

Early scientists believed that life arose from____ through a process called_____

A

Non living Matter; Spontaneous eneration

25
Q

For how long did animals like pterosaurs, mosasaurs and other dinosaurs dominate the planet?

A

1 hundred million years

26
Q

What are scientist trying to figure out?

A

Why they (pterosaurs, mosasaurs and other dinosaurs) disappeared

27
Q

What were the tiny shelled sea creatures called in the limestone layers

A

Forams

28
Q

What mysterious find did Cr. Alvarez notice in the rock layers

A

Forams suddenly disappeared

29
Q

What was the gray band called that separated the two layers

A

The K-T boundary

30
Q

What is the correct order of eras

A

(Pre-Cambrian) Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

31
Q

What two periods does the K-T boundary separate?

A

Mesozoic, Cretaceous

32
Q

Was there a GRADUAL change in forams as the rock layers approached the K-T boundary

A

NO

33
Q

What was a difference in the forams above the boundary and below it

A

size

34
Q

What rare element is found on earth that is found in meteorites

A

Iridium

35
Q

How much more of Iridium was there, compared to the surrounding rock?

A

30%

36
Q

If a supernova was the cause of the element being found on earth there would there have also been another isotope present. What was it an was it found

A

Plutonium-244, no

37
Q

What was Louis Alvarez’s hypothesis about an asteroid strike

A

It would be found all over the earth

38
Q

How many nukes would an asteroid strike be equivalent to

A

100 million nukes

39
Q

What important biological process would have stopped because of the debris in the atmosphere

A

Photosynthesis

40
Q

True or false
The asteroid impact hypothesis was immediately accepted by the scientific community

A

False

41
Q

Without finding a crater, scientists had to rely on other evidence to support the asteroid impact hypothesis. What were some of those pieces of evidence

A

Glass beads “Spherules” found in the K-T layer and shocked quarts

42
Q

What could displace various types of rock from the ocean onto land

A

Tsunamis from asteroid impact

43
Q

Where was the crater eventually found

A

Yucatan Peninsula, Gulf of Mexico

44
Q

Which would have the fossils of dinosaurs, the layers above or below the K-T boundary in the Hells Creek formation of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota

A

Below

45
Q

What was the fate of dinosaurs within 1000km of the impact site

A

Broiled alive

46
Q

If they were further away there demise was probably linked to…….

A

Sulphurous gas poisonings

47
Q

After the impact how many of all plant species died

A

60%

48
Q

What plant was the first to replace flowering plants on barren landscapes

A

Ferns

49
Q

What animals seemed to survive the post impact world

A

Small, burrowing animals

50
Q
A

biology (semester 2) (29 decks)

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