BDS2

Question 1

what are the 7 elements of caries risk

Answer 1

1 - clinical evidence
2 - social history
3 - fluoride
4 - medical history
5 - oral hygiene
6 - saliva
7 - dietary habits

(Can Someone Feed My Overweight Sausage Dog)

Question 2

what is caries

Answer 2

localised destruction of susceptible dental hard tissues by acidic by products from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates

Question 3

what is a white spot lesion

Answer 3

chalky light coloured area on enamel that is experiencing demineralisation but has not yet lost its structure

demineralisation happens by removing mineral content from tissue surrounding enamel rods leaving enlarged gaps between them and a weakened surface. rods remain intact until point at which enamel collapses (cavitation)

Question 4

what information do you need to know to assess toxicity if toothpaste has been ingested

Answer 4

strength of toothpaste
amount of toothpaste
weight of child

Question 5

epsteins pearls

Answer 5

harmless gingival cysts that may be seen in newborns
whiteish, found on gingiva, consist of keratin

Question 6

congenital epulis

Answer 6

rare, seen in newborns
large mass of cells often on alveolar ridge
may need removal if interfering with feeding

Question 7

general rule for primary dentition eruption sequence

Answer 7

lowers before uppers except lateral incisors

Question 8

general rule for permanent dentition eruption sequence

Answer 8

lowers before upper except 2nd premolars

Question 9

max dose lidocaine 2%

Answer 9

4.4mg /kg

20mg/ml
44mg per 2.2ml cartridge

Question 10

max dose articaine 4%

Answer 10

7mg/kg

40mg/ml
88mg per 2.2ml cartridge

Question 11

max dose prilocaine 3%

Answer 11

6mg/kg

30mg/ml
66mg per 2.2ml cartridge

Question 12

what is MIH

Answer 12

developmental condition that presents in childhood and sees poorly formed enamel on at least 1 FPM and sometimes on incisors too

hypomineralised means the correct bulk and shape of enamel is there however there is decreased mineral content and therefore decreased strength

Question 13

what time period of life is critical for investigating MIH causes

Answer 13

1st year of life
enamel matrix of FPM complete by 1 year old

Question 14

in MIH, where are yellow/brown patches and white/cream patches located within enamel

Answer 14

yellow/brown - superficial
white/cream - deep

Question 15

clinical problems associated with MIH

Answer 15

more susceptible to caries
softer enamel therefore increased wear
sensitivity
aesthetic issues

Question 16

max daily dose ibuprofen

Answer 16

2.4g

Question 17

max daily dose paracetamol

Answer 17

8g

Question 18

SIMD quintiles

Answer 18

all data zones in scotland grouped into 5 sections
1 - most deprived
5 - least deprived

Question 19

DMFS vs DMFT

Answer 19

DMFS - looks at each individual surface
DMFT - looks at tooth as a whole, worst surface dictates tooth code

Question 20

A alpha fibres

Answer 20

myelinated nerve fibres
(largest)
involved in proprioception

Question 21

A beta fibres

Answer 21

myelinated nerve fibres
mechanoreception

Question 22

A delta fibres

Answer 22

myelinated
involved in mechanoreception, nociception, thermoreception (cold) and chemoreception (taste)

Question 23

C fibres

Answer 23

non-myelinated
involved in mechanoreception, nociception and thermoreception (heat)
slowest of the nerve fibres

Question 24

order nerve fibres from most to least susceptible to LA

Answer 24

A delta
C
A beta
A alpha

Question 25

how do LAs work (basic)

Answer 25

block Na voltage gated channels from inside the cell

Question 26

where is articaine metabolised

Answer 26

majority is metabolised in blood serum and rest is metabolised in liver

this is because has ester (blood) and amide (liver) component

Question 27

contraindications for lidocaine

Answer 27

hypotension
impaired liver function
heart block and no pacemaker

Question 28

contraindications for articaine

Answer 28

sickle cell disease and other haemoglobinpathies