BDS2 2

Question 1

normal distance of bone from ACJ

Answer 1

1-2mm

Question 2

what amount of attachment loss per year is considered rapid progression

Answer 2

> _2mm

Question 3

normal rate of attachment loss

Answer 3

0.1mm a year but varies greatly

Question 4

4 symptoms of periodontitis

Answer 4

mobility
bleeding gums
root sensitivity
black triangles
changes to bite (drifting)
bad taste in mouth

Question 5

first pass metabolism

Answer 5

all blood from GIT drains to hepatic portal vein* meaning liver metabolises contents before they reach systemic circulation
decreases active drugs concentration prior to it reaching systemic circulation

• except sublingual and subrector

Question 6

what method of drug administration is affected by first pass metabolism

Answer 6

oral administration

(IV, transdermal and subcutaneous avoid it)

Question 7

cellular vs acellular cementum

Answer 7

cellular found in apical 1/3 of root, no role in tooth attachment (extrinsic)
acellular - cervical 2/3s , intrinsic fibres

Question 8

what are the main PDL fibres made of

Answer 8

collagen

Question 9

where on tooth is enamel thickest

Answer 9

cusps and incisal regions

Question 10

cross striations

Answer 10

represent daily enamel growth
(seen within each enamel rod)

Question 11

striae of retzius

Answer 11

represent weekly enamel formation
(brown horizontal stripes across many enamel rods)

Question 12

what is enamel made of

Answer 12

hydroxyapatite (90%)
water
organic matrix

Question 13

does irreversible or reversible pulpitis experience pain to cold stimuli

Answer 13

reversible

(cold and sweet)

Question 14

what test is used to assess blood flow to pulp
(very expensive not routinely done)

Answer 14

laser doppler test

Question 15

what are the 6 links on chain of infection model (in order)

Answer 15

infectious agent
reservoirs
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

Question 16

anaemia

Answer 16

reduction in haemoglobin in blood compared to normal values for that age group

Question 17

3 potential oral implications of iron deficiency

Answer 17

candidiasis
recurrent oral ulceration
mucosal atrophy

Question 18

achondroplasia

Answer 18

genetic defect of cartilage growth - endochondral ossification impaired whilst intramembranous unaffected

Question 19

what type of drug is clopidogrel

Answer 19

anti platelet
risk of prolonged bleeding at time of trauma

Question 20

what does posselts envelope of movement show

Answer 20

mandible movement

Question 21

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve

Answer 21

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical

Question 22

asystole

Answer 22

no electrical activity and no cardiac output

Question 23

what are the two shockable rhythms

Answer 23

ventricular fibrillation
pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 24

name 2 microorganisms implicated in infective endocarditis

Answer 24

streptococcus mutans
streptococcus anginosus

Question 25

name 3 cardiac patients that are not at increased risk of IE

Answer 25

CABG
angioplasty and stent
implanted pacemakers and defib