pain meds 2

Question 1

paracetamol mode of action

Answer 1

blocks postive feedback mechanism of hydroperoxides on cox activity resulting in decreased prostaglandin production

Question 2

role of hydroperoxides in the cycloxygenase pathway

Answer 2

generated from arachidonic acid metabolism
positive feedback mechanism stimulating cox production

Question 3

paracetamol groups for caution

Answer 3

hepatic impairment.
renal impairment
alcohol dependence (excess alcohol + paracetamol risks damage to liver)

Question 4

signs of paracetamol overdose

Answer 4

wont present till a few days after drugs taken
severe hepatocellular necrosis

Question 5

name 3 issues associated with opioid analgesics

Answer 5

dependence - psychological cravings and physically ill
tolerance - dose needs to be progressively increased to achieve same effect
CNS effects - depresses pain, respiratory and cough centres
effect on smooth msuscle - constipation, urinary and bile retention

Question 6

side effects of opioid analgesics

Answer 6

drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, dry mouth , hallucinations, hypotension

Question 7

what opioid analgesic can be prescribed by dentists

Answer 7

dihydrocodeine

Question 8

contraindications for opioid analgesic prescribing

Answer 8

acute respiratory depression
acute alcoholism
head injury

Question 9

what is carbamazepine used to treat

Answer 9

neuropathic and functional pain
neuropathic (trigeminal neuralgia)
functional (TMJ or atypical facial pain)

Question 10

alternative name for carbamazepine

Answer 10

tegretol