science unit test

Question 1

a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

Answer 1

species

Question 2

finches

Answer 2

very different from island to island, most obvious were varied sizes and shaoes of the beaks. Each was well suited for the island it lived on.

Question 3

adaptation

Answer 3

a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 4

evolution

Answer 4

the gradual change in a species over time, “Evolution by Selection means small changes in each generation

Question 5

darwins conclusions about organisms on the galapagos

Answer 5

animals on the galapagos islands have different adapations that the animals on south america

Question 6

a difference between indiviuals

Answer 6

variation

Question 7

role of genes in variations

Answer 7

genetic variation: a difference between indiviuals of the same species

Question 8

when organism creates more offspring that can survive

Answer 8

there is a struggle for existence’, or competition to survive

Question 9

how does natural selecton lead to evolution

Answer 9

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that made their success

Question 10

homologous structures

Answer 10

similar body structures that realted species have inherited from a common ancestor,

Question 11

evidence of evolution

Answer 11

similarities in body structure, comparative anatomy, himologous structures, fossil evdience,

Question 12

fossils(how most form)

Answer 12

when an organism dies and becomes buried in sediment,

Question 13

petrififed fossils

Answer 13

fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism, fossil tree trunks are an example of where minerals came out of a dissolved state and hardend in spaces of plant cells, thus preserving the wood

Question 14

types of bodies or parts that become fossils are

Answer 14

Bones, teeth, shells, and other hard body parts

Question 15

what is the main was species form

Answer 15

when animals in a species become isolated

Question 16

diversity of speices because of

Answer 16

genetic diversity

Question 17

mold

Answer 17

most common fossil, mold: hallow area in sediment in the shape of an organism, mold forms when hard part of organism, like a shell is buried in sediment

Question 18

cast

Answer 18

most common fossil, solid copy of the shape of an organism, it is the opposite of a mold because minerals and sediment from water fill in the empty space of the mold

Question 19

isolation

Answer 19

is when animals in a species get isolated from the rest

Question 20

fossil age in sediment

Answer 20

by looking at the rocks they can tell how old the fossil is

Question 21

scientific theory

Answer 21

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment

Question 22

natural selection

Answer 22

individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive,

Question 23

forelimbs of different animals

Answer 23

Humans, whales, lizards, and birds

Question 24

sediment

Answer 24

fossils form in sediment, sediment is rock that helps keeps the fossils perserved,

Question 25

punctuated equilibria

Answer 25

the idea that evolution occurs in spurts instead of following the slow, but steady path

Question 26

precambrian time

Answer 26

the Earth formed, life arose, the first tectonic plates arose and began to move, eukaryotic cells evolved, the atmosphere became enriched in oxygen

Question 27

plate tectonics

Answer 27

earths plates move slowly in various directions

Question 28

how much movement of plates

Answer 28

1.5 centimeters (0.6 inches) a year

Question 29

what does knowing speed of plate movement help with

Answer 29

helps us understand why and where events like earthquakes occur and volcanoes erupt

Question 30

geologic time scale

Answer 30

the span of time is so great from the formation of earth to now, scientists use a type of calendar to divide history into long units of time

Question 31

supercontinent

Answer 31

pangea

Question 32

cambrian explosion on life forms

Answer 32

major animal groups started to appear

Question 33

amphibians

Answer 33

any organism that is able to live both on land and in water

Question 34

mass extinction of dinosaurs

Answer 34

asteroid impact

Question 35

precambrian organisms

Answer 35

worms, jellyfish

Question 36

why does australia have unique animals

Answer 36

isolation

Question 37

what are two ways that continental drift could affect evoultion

Answer 37

species got separated by seas and oceans and speciation occurred