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A+P 2 > Lab Quiz 4 - Blood Pressure and Electrical Conduction > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 4 - Blood Pressure and Electrical Conduction Flashcards

1
Q

about 1% of heart cells, spontaneously depolarize at regular intervals to control heart rate

A

autorhythmic cells

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2
Q
  • also known as the pacemaker
  • depolarizes at a rate of 80-100 times per minute and sets the resting heart rate of aobut 75bpm
A

sinoatrial (SA) node)

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3
Q

true or false: not every depolarization of the SA node leads to a heart beat

A

true

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4
Q

components of the intrinsic conduction system

A
  • sinoatrial (SA) nnode
  • atrioventricular (AV) node
  • AV bundle (Bundle of HIS)
  • Punkinje fibers
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5
Q

splits into left and right bundle branches

A

AV bundle (bundle of HIS)

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6
Q

steps to intrinsic conduction

A
  • sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker) generates impulses
  • impulses pause (0.1s) at the atrioventricular (AV) node
  • atrioventricular (AV) bundle connects atria to ventricles
  • bundle branches conduct the impuleses through the interventricular septum
  • the purkinje fibers depolarize the contractile cells of both ventricles
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7
Q

in order to see if the valves and pumps of the heart are working correctly, you need to

A

auscultate

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8
Q

indicates depolarization of atria immediately before atrial contraction

A

p wave

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9
Q

precedes ventricular contraction, signals ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

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10
Q

signifies repolarization of ventricles

A

T wave

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11
Q
  • represents the time between atrial and ventricular depolarization
  • 0.12-0.2s
A

PR interval

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12
Q

what might a PR interval that is too long indicate

A

AV node damage

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13
Q

when the atria and ventricles beat independently of one another

A

total heart block

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14
Q
  • represents the period between ventricular depolarization to ventricular repolarization
  • 0.28-0.4s
A

QT interval

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15
Q

what happens to the QT interval if heart rate increases

A

QT interval becomes shorter

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16
Q

what happens to the QT interval when heart rate decreases

A

QT inteval becomes longer

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17
Q
  • the time it takes for one complete cycle
  • 0.8s
A

RR interval

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18
Q

when the atria are contracting, should be isoelectric

A

PQ segment

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19
Q

when the ventricles are contracting, should be isoelectric

A

ST segment

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20
Q
  • HR >100bpm
  • can lead to fibrillation if sustained over long periods
A

tachycardia

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21
Q

chambers contracting

A

systole

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22
Q

chambers relaxing

A

diastole

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23
Q
  • HR < 60 bpm
  • good in conditioned athletes, otherwise can lead to O2 deprivation of the brain
A

bradycardia

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24
Q

uncoordinated contraction of the chambers of the heart

A

fibrillation

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25
Q

no contraction of the chambers of the heart

A

asystole

26
Q

what area are we auscultating when we are auscultating the 2nd right intercostal space

A

aortic area

27
Q

what area are we auscultating when we are auscultating the 2nd left intercostal space

A

pulmonic area

28
Q

what area are we auscultating when we are auscultating the lower left sternal border

A

tricuspid valve area

29
Q

what area are we auscultating when we are auscultating the apex of the heart

A

mitral (bicuspid) valve area

30
Q

the pressure exerted by blood against any unit area of the blood vessel wall and is usually measured in the arteries

A

blood pressure

31
Q
  • one beat of the heart
  • takes ~0.8s
A

cardiac cycle

32
Q

phases of the cardiac cycle

A
  • ventricle filling / atrial systole
  • ventricle systole (isometric and ejection phases)
  • ventricular diastole
33
Q

what is a normal cardiac output

A

4,000-6,000 mL/min

34
Q
  • = SV (stroke volume) x HR (heart rate)
  • a measure of flow rate (mL/min)
A

cardiac output

35
Q

= systolic BP - diastolic BP

A

pulse pressure (PP)

36
Q

= pulse pressure x 1.7

A

stroke volume

37
Q
  • sound of mitral valve closing at the beginning of systole
  • soft/absent because the mitral valve doesn’t completely close
A

S1 heart sound

38
Q
  • beginning of diastole when aortic and pulmonary valves close
A

S2 heart sound

39
Q

normal heart sounds consist of which heart sounds

A

S1 and S2

40
Q
  • early diastole when ventricle is dilated and filling
  • can be normal in children or a sign of ventricular dysfunction in adults
A

S3 heart sound

41
Q
  • end of diastole
  • caused by ventricular filling and atrial contraction
  • absent in atrial fibrillation [AFib]
A

S4 heart sound

42
Q
  • ventricular contraction
  • top number
A

systolic bp

43
Q
  • ventricular relaxation
  • bottom number
A

diastolic bp

44
Q

superficial pulse points

A
  • superficial temporal artery
  • facial artery
  • common carotid artery
  • brachial artery
  • radial artery
  • femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • dorsalis pedis artery
45
Q

systolic bp < 120
diastolic bp < 80

A

normal blood pressure

46
Q

systolic bp: 120-129
diastolic bp: < 80

A

elevated blood pressure

47
Q

systolic bp: 130-139
or
diastolic bp: 80-89

A

stage 1 of hypertension

48
Q

systolic bp: 140 or HIGHER
or
diastolic bp: 90 or HIGHER

A

stage 2 of hypertension

49
Q

systolic bp: > 180
and/or
diastolic bp: > 120

A

hypertensive crisis

50
Q
  • the RR interval of the pause is equal to the two preceding RR intervals
  • almost always located in the AV node, meaning QRS duration is usually narrow
A

1st degree heart block

51
Q
  • typically occurs in individuals with structural heart disease, w/ or w/o heart failure, and ischemic coronary artery disease
  • a type of arrythmia that occurs when the electrical signal that controls the heartbeat starts from an unusual location in the upper chambers (atria) adn rapidly repeats, causing the atria to beat too quickly
A

atrial tachycardia (AT or ATach)

52
Q
  • ventricles are rapidly generating their own abnormal beats
  • patient iwll need to be shocked if they are unresponsive
  • occurs when ventricles beat too fast to pump well and the body doesn’t receive enough oxygenated blood
  • 170+ bpm
A

ventricular tachycardia (VT or VTach)

53
Q

sounds created by the release of blood as the blood pressure cuff loosens

A

sounds of Korotkoff

54
Q
  • systolic bp
  • tapping sound when cuff pressure is 110-120 mmHg
A

1st korotkoff sound

55
Q
  • when the sound of the pulse disappears
  • diastolic bp
A

5th korotkoff sound

56
Q
  • a type of irregular heart beat in which the heart chambers contract in a very rapid and uncoordinated manner
  • the heart doesn’t pump blood to the rest of the body
  • 300bpm
  • very disorganized
  • no P or QRS waves
  • patient needs to be defibrillated immediately
A

ventricular fibrillation (VFib)

57
Q
  • 0 bpm
  • CPR asap
  • heart’s electrical system fails entirely, which causes your heart to stop pumping
  • “flat lining”
  • NOT SHOCKABLE
A

asystole

58
Q
  • elevated ST segment (that should be isoelectric)
  • normal heart rate
  • a type of severe heart attack caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery
  • extremely serious and can be life threatening
A

(STEMI) myocardial infarction

59
Q

usually results from severe coronary artery narrowing, transient occlusion, or microembolization of thrombus and/or artheromatoous material

A

NSTEMI myocardial infarction

60
Q

sound made when AV valves close

A

LUB

61
Q

sound made when semilunar valves close

A

DUP

62
Q

heard as swishing or screeching sounds

A

murmurs

A+P 2 (21 decks)

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