White Blood Cells (physiology, Haematology) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functional characteristics of WBC? (4)

A

-All can migrate out of bloodstream-diapedesis.
-Some are phagocytic.
-All are capable of amaeboid movement.
-All are attracted to specific chemical stimuli (chemotaxis)

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2
Q

What are the principal steps in inflammatory response? (4)

A
  1. Increase in vascular permeability,
  2. Entry of activated leukocytes into the tissues,
  3. Activation of platelets and,
  4. Spontaneous subsidence (resolution) if the invading microorganism have been dealt with successfully.
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3
Q

Which type of WBC has lysosomal enzymes and bactecidal compounds?

A

Neutrophils

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4
Q

Main function of neutrophils?

A

Attack and digest bacteria.

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5
Q

Which type of WBC contains nitric oxide and cytotoxic enzymes?

A

Eosinophils

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6
Q

Two main functions of eosinophils

A

-Engulf bacteria, protozoa and cellular debris.
-Release enzymes that reduce inflammation caused by mast cells and neutrophils.

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7
Q

Which type of WBC releases histamine and heparin into circulation?

A

Basophils

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8
Q

Main function of basophils?

A

Regulate allergic (hypersensitive) reactions.

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9
Q

Name the chemoattractants released by monocytes (3)

A

-IL-1
-Colony stimulating factor.
-Platelet activating factor.

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10
Q

Function of monocytes

A

They enter peripheral tissues and become macrophages.

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11
Q

Main function of lymphocytes

A

They produce antibodies.

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12
Q

What is the difference btwn leukopenia, leukocytosis and leukemia?

A

Leukopenia- low levels of WBC.
Leukocytosis- High levels of WBC.
Leukemia- cancer of WBC.

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13
Q

What are colony-stimulating factors?

A

These are hormones that regulate WBC population.

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14
Q

Name and describe the four CSFs

A

Multi-CST: Accelerates the production of granulocytes, monocytes, platelets and RBCs.
GM-CSF: Stimulate production of granulocytes and monocytes.
G-CSF: Stimulate the production of granulocytes.
M-CSF: Stimulate the production of monocytes.

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