Gas Exchange and Transport(haem, Physiology) Flashcards
Three variables that causes the regulation gaseous exchange?
Oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH.
Explain the process of gaseous exchange. (5)
-Oxygen enters blood at alveoli-capillary interface.
-Oxygen is transported either bound to haemoglobin in RBC or dissolved in plasma.
-Oxygen diffuses into the cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells into capillary.
-CO2 is transported either bound to haemoglobin, dissolved or as bicarbonate.
-CO2 enters alveoli at alveoli-capillary interface.
Explain the external respiration. (4)
-Blood in the pulmonary arteries have:
-Low PO2 and high PCO2.
-The concentration gradient causes O2 to enter blood and CO2 to leave blood.
-This rapid change causes blood and alveoli air to reach equilibrium.
How much of oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin?
More than 98%.
What are the factors affecting Hb saturation? (4)
-pO2 of blood
-Blood pH
-Temperature
-Metabolic activities in RBCs.
Why is the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve not straight?
Because when O2 binds to Hb it changes shape, that makes the next O2 to bind easily.
What is the relationship between the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve with pH and temperature?
When pH decreases and temperature rises.
-More oxygen is released.
-Curve shift to the right.
When pH is high and temperature drops.
-Less oxygen is released.
-Curve shift to the left.
How much of CO2 is transported:
1. Dissolved in plasma.
2. Bound to haemoglobin
3. In the form of bicarbonate
- 7%
- 23%
- 70%