Gas Exchange and Transport(haem, Physiology) Flashcards

1
Q

Three variables that causes the regulation gaseous exchange?

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH.

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2
Q

Explain the process of gaseous exchange. (5)

A

-Oxygen enters blood at alveoli-capillary interface.
-Oxygen is transported either bound to haemoglobin in RBC or dissolved in plasma.
-Oxygen diffuses into the cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells into capillary.
-CO2 is transported either bound to haemoglobin, dissolved or as bicarbonate.
-CO2 enters alveoli at alveoli-capillary interface.

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3
Q

Explain the external respiration. (4)

A

-Blood in the pulmonary arteries have:
-Low PO2 and high PCO2.
-The concentration gradient causes O2 to enter blood and CO2 to leave blood.
-This rapid change causes blood and alveoli air to reach equilibrium.

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4
Q

How much of oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin?

A

More than 98%.

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5
Q

What are the factors affecting Hb saturation? (4)

A

-pO2 of blood
-Blood pH
-Temperature
-Metabolic activities in RBCs.

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6
Q

Why is the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve not straight?

A

Because when O2 binds to Hb it changes shape, that makes the next O2 to bind easily.

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7
Q

What is the relationship between the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve with pH and temperature?

A

When pH decreases and temperature rises.
-More oxygen is released.
-Curve shift to the right.
When pH is high and temperature drops.
-Less oxygen is released.
-Curve shift to the left.

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8
Q

How much of CO2 is transported:
1. Dissolved in plasma.
2. Bound to haemoglobin
3. In the form of bicarbonate

A
  1. 7%
  2. 23%
  3. 70%
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