Bone Marrow Failure (haematology) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of bone marrow failure? (4)

A

•Infiltration by abnormal tissues
-Myelofibrosis
•Ineffective haematopoiesis
-Megaloblastic anaemia
-Myelodysplasia
•Replacement of the marrow with malignant cells
-Primary and secondary
•Primary reduction in haematopoietic cells
-Aplastic anaemia

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2
Q

What is aplastic anaemia? (3)

A

-Pancytopenia resulting from aplasia of the bone marrow.
-Reduction in the number of haematopoietic pluropotential stem cells.
-Fault in the remaining cells/ immune response against them.

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3
Q

What are the ….. causes of aplastic anaemia?
1. Primary (4)
2. Secondary (4)

A
  1. Congenital, idiopathic aplastic anaemia, dyskeratosis congenita, fanconi anaemia.
  2. Chemicals , drugs, viruses, Ionising radiation.
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4
Q

What are the functions of the ff and what disorder is causes by the deficiency in them?
1. RBCs
2. Neutrophils
3. Platelets

A
  1. Carry oxygen, anaemia
  2. Fight infections, infections
  3. Coagulation, bleeding tendency
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5
Q

Laboratory findings in aplastic anaemia? (5)

A

-Hypocellular bone marrow.
-No abnormal cells in the peripheral blood.
-Anaemia
-Leukopenia
-Thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

What are the treatment methods for aplastic anaemia? (7)

A

•General
-Supportive care
-Prevention of infection
-Prophylaxis
•Specific
-SCT
-ACG
-Alemtuzumab
-Ciclosporin

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7
Q

What are the cytopenias seen with specific bone marrow failure? (3)

A

Pure red cell aplasia
Thrombocytopenia
Granulocytopenia

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8
Q

What are the causes of pure red cell aplasia? (5)

A

Acute
-Parvovirus infection, idiopathic.
Chronic congenital
-Diamond-blackfan syndrome
Chronic acquired
-Associated with various conditions.
-Idiopathic

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9
Q

What are the two examples of granulocytopenia?

A

Congenital neutropaenia
Cyclical neutropaenia

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10
Q

What are the causes of thrombocytopenia?

A

Inherited
-TAR
-Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
Acquired
-Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia

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11
Q

When do you suspect bone marrow failure?

A

When there are clinical symptoms such as anaemia, bleeding tendencies and/or infections.

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12
Q

How do you make a diagnosis of bone marrow failure? (6)

A

•Full blood count with differential count.
-Low counts
•Reticulocyte count
-Low absolute count and %
•Bone marrow aspirate with biopsy
-To identify the underlying cause.

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