Cholesterol, Diabetes, Gout (pharmacology) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the drugs that are used for regulation or decrease of cholesterol in the body?

A

HMG Coa reductase inhibitors
Absorption inhibitors
Niacin
Fibric acid
Bile acid sequestrants
PCSK9 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for niacin? And an example of a clue for the drugs.

A

Example-Nicotinic acid
-They inhibit lipolysis, which decreases the conversion of TG to FFA.
-Inhibits VLDL secretion and synthesis in the liver. (VLDL carries cholesterol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of action for PCSK9 inhibitors?

A

-Clue: drug names have the suffix -cumab.
-PCSK9 promotes the metabolism and degradation of LDL receptor.
-The inhibitors increases the uptake of LDL.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of action for HMG CoA inhibitors?

A

Clue:The drug names have the suffix -vastin.
-They inhibit HMG CoA reductase which is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of HMG CoA to cholesterol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mechanism of action for bile acid sequestrants?

A

-Clue: Drug names have the prefix colest-.
-They inhibit the release of bile acids.
-The liver will then synthesise more bile acid from the cholesterol in our body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mechanism of action for fibric acid?

A

-Clue:Drug names end with the suffix -fibrate.
-They activate lipoprotein lipase.
-That enzyme hydrolyses the conversion of TG to FFA.
-Accelerates the removal of VLDL and cholesterol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for absorption inhibitors?

A

-Drug: Ezetimibe
-They prevent the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the classes of drugs used for type 2 diabetes mellitus? (8)

A

-Insulin sensitizers
-Insulin secretagogues
-Incretin based therapy
-Excretion based therapy
-Amylin mimetics
-Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
-Bile salt bindin resin
-Dopamine agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mechanism of action for amylin mimetics? And an example or clue.

A

-Causes satiety, suppresses gastric emptying and glucagon release.
Drug: Pramlintide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mechanism of action for insulin secretagogues?

A

-They increase insulin release.
Clue-Drug name has -gli-, e.g glibenclamide.
-Glinides , have the suffix -glinide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism of action for bile salt binding resin?

A

E.G Colesevelam
-MOA unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of action for dopamine agonist?

A

Drug: Bromocriptine
-They increase dopamine release which increases insulin sensitivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mechanism of action for insulin sensitizers?

A

-They increases glucose uptake into cells, or skeletal muscles and fat cells.
E.G. Metformin and thiazolidinediones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mechanism of action for incretin based therapy?

A

-E.G. GIP, GLP, and suffix -gliptin
-They increase insulin secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for alpha glucosidase inhibitors?

A

They prevent GI absorption of dextrin, starch and disaccharides.
Drug: Arcabose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of action for excretion based therapy?

A

Suffix: gliflozin
-They increase the excretion of glucose.

17
Q

What are the steps or approach towards gout treatment? (4)

A
  1. Stop inflammation
  2. Stop uric acid synthesis
  3. Decrease levels of uric acid in blood
  4. Decrease intake
18
Q

What are the drugs used for stopping inflammation? (4)

A

-NSAIDS
-Colchicine
-Interleukin 1 antagonists
-Corticosteroids

19
Q

Drugs used to stop the synthesis of uric acid?

A

-Xanthine oxidase inhibitors
E.G. Allopurinol and febuxostat

20
Q

Which drugs are used to increase the excretion of uric acid?

A

-Probenecid, benzbromarone and rasburicase.