Week 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Adherence

A

the ability of a patient to maintain a health behaviour prescribed by a physician (medication as prescribed, exercising more, or eating less high-fat food)

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2
Q

Behavioral medicine

A

integrates psychological factors (e.g., emotion, behaviour, cognition, and social factors) in the treatment of disease (occupational therapy, hypnosis, rehabilitation or medicine, and preventative medicine)

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3
Q

Biofeedback

A

The process by which physiological signals, not normally available to human perception, are transformed into easy-to-understand graphs or numbers. Individuals can then use this information to try to change bodily functioning (e.g., lower blood pressure, and reduce muscle tension).

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4
Q

Biomedical Model of Health

A

A reductionist model that posits that ill health is a result of a deviation from normal function, which is explained by the presence of pathogens, injury, or genetic abnormality

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5
Q

Biopsychosocial Model of Health

A

an approach to studying health and human function that posits the importance of biological, psychological, and social (or environmental) processes.

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6
Q

Chronic disease

A

A health condition that persists over time, typically for periods longer than three months (e.g., HIV, asthma, diabetes)

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7
Q

Daily hassles

A

Irritations in daily life that are not necessarily traumatic, but that cause difficulties and repeated stress

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8
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A

Coping strategy aimed at reducing the negative emotions associated with a stressful event

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8
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

A three-phase model of stress, which includes a mobilization of physiological resources phase, a coping phase, and an exhaustion phase (i.e., when an organism fails to cope with the stress adequately and depletes its resources)

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9
Q

Health

A

According to the World Health Organization, it is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being

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10
Q

Health behavior

A

Any behavior that is related to health—either good or bad

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11
Q

Hostility

A

often includes cynical thoughts, feelings of emotion, and aggressive behavior

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12
Q

Mind–body connection

A

the idea that our emotions and thoughts can affect how our body functions

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13
Q

Problem-focused coping

A

A set of coping strategies aimed at improving or changing stressful situations

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14
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

A field of study examining the relationship among psychology, brain function, and immune function

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15
Q

Psychosomatic medicine

A

An interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on how biological, psychological, and social processes contribute to physiological changes in the body and health over time

16
Q

Resilience

A
  • The ability to “bounce back” from negative situations
  • In some cases, resilience may lead to better functioning following the negative experience
17
Q

Self-efficacy

A

The belief that one can perform adequately in a specific situation

18
Q

Social integration

A

The size of your social network, or number of social roles

19
Q

Stress

A

A pattern of physical and psychological responses in an organism after it perceives a threatening event that disturbs its homeostasis and taxes its abilities to cope with the event.

20
Q

Stressor

A

An event or stimulus that induces feelings of stress

21
Q

Type A Behavior

A

Type A behavior is characterized by impatience, competitiveness, neuroticism, hostility, and anger

22
Q

Type B Behavior

A

Type B behavior reflects the absence of Type A characteristics and is represented by less competitive, aggressive, and hostile behavior patterns

23
Q

Adaptation

A

The fact that after people first react to good or bad events, sometimes in a strong way, their feelings and reactions tend to dampen down over time and they return toward their original level of subjective well-being

24
Q

“Bottom-up” or external causes of happiness

A

Situational factors outside the person that influence his or her subjective well-being, such as good and bad events and circumstances such as health and wealth.

25
Q

Happiness

A

The popular word for subjective well-being. Scientists sometimes avoid using this term because it can refer to different things, such as feeling good, being satisfied, or even the causes of high subjective well-being

26
Q

Life satisfaction

A

A person reflects on their life and judges to what degree it is going well, by whatever standards that person thinks are most important for a good life

27
Q

Subjective well-being

A

The name that scientists give to happiness—thinking and feeling that our lives are going very well

28
Q

Subjective well-being scales

A

Self-report surveys or questionnaires in which participants indicate their levels of subjective well-being, by responding to items with a number that indicates how well off they feel

29
Q

“Top-down” or internal causes of happiness

A

The person’s outlook and habitual response tendencies that influence their happiness—for example, their temperament or optimistic outlook on life.