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nurs105 > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

Bowel Needs

1
Q

colostomy

A

surgically created opening (stomy) between colon and body’s surface

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2
Q

constipation

A

passage of hard, dry stool

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3
Q

defacation

A

excreting feces; BM

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4
Q

dehydration

A

decrease in amount of body water

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5
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent passage of liquid stool

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6
Q

enema

A

introduction of fluid into rectum / lower colon

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7
Q

fecal impaction

A

prolonged retention / build up of feces in rectum

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8
Q

fecal incontinence

A

inability to control passage of feces / flatus through anus

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9
Q

feces

A

semi-sold waste excreted through anus; stool

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10
Q

flatulence

A

excess formation of gas / air in stomach / intestines

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11
Q

flatus

A

passing of gas through anus

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12
Q

ileostomy

A

surgically created opening (stomy) between ileum (small intestine) and body surface; colon is removed

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13
Q

melena

A

black / tarry stool

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14
Q

ostomy

A

surgically created opening (stomy) between internal organ and body surface

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15
Q

stoma

A

stomy; surgically created opening on body surface

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16
Q

suppository

A

cone-shaped solid drug inserted into body opening; melts at body temp.

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17
Q

waste is excreted from what body system ?

A

gastro-intestinal (GI) system

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18
Q

normal bowel elimination time / frequency ?

A

frequency / time of day varies from person to person

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19
Q

what observations should you be looking for in stool ?

A
  • color
  • amount
  • presence of mucus
  • signs of bleeding
  • odor
  • shape / consistency
  • time of BM
  • number / frequency of BMs
  • pain / discomfort complaints
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20
Q

factors affecting BM ?

A
  • privacy
  • habits
  • diet
  • fluids
  • activity
  • drugs
  • disability
  • aging
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21
Q

common causes of constipation ?

A
  • low-fiber diet
  • decreased fluid intake
  • inactivity
  • drugs
  • aging
  • certain diseases
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22
Q

supplies that could help relieve constipation ?

A
  • stool softeners
  • laxatives
  • suppositories
  • enemas
23
Q

when leaving the room how often should you check on someone having BM ?

A

every 5min

24
Q

signs / symptoms of fecal impaction

A
  • multiple unsuccessful BM
  • abdominal discomfort / distention (swelling)
  • nausea / cramping- rectal pain
  • poor appetite
  • confusion
  • fever
25
Q

what is c. difficile ?

A

clostridioides difficile; microbe that causes diarrhea / intestinal infectionss

26
Q

signs and symptoms c. difficile ?

A
  • watery diarrhea
  • fever
  • loss of appetite
  • nausea
  • abdominal pain / tenderness
27
Q

where is c. difficile found and how is it spread ?

A

found in feces; spreads through contact (highly spreadable)

28
Q

causes of flatulence ?

A
  • swallowing air
  • bacterial action in intestine
  • constipation
  • certain foods
  • bowel / abdominal surgeries
  • drugs decreasing peristalsis
  • certain digestive disorders
29
Q

how to help expel flatus ?

A

essentially any movement; especially side-lying
- enemas
- drugs

30
Q

two goals of bowel training ?

A
  • gain control of BM
  • develop regular pattern of elimination
31
Q

most common time for BM ?

A

after meals, mainly breakfast
- due to stimulating peristalsis

32
Q

peristalsis

A

automatic constriction / relaxation of muscles to move foreign bodies; wave-like movements

33
Q

when will a BM occur after inserting a rectal suppository ?

A

around 30min later

34
Q

why are enemas ordered ?

A
  • expel feces
  • relieve constipation / impaction / flatulence
  • clean bowel before certain procedures
35
Q

tap water enema

A

only tap water

36
Q

saline enema

A

1-2 t of table salt w/ 500-1000 ML tap water

37
Q

soapsuds enema (SSE)

A

3-5 mL castile soap w/ 500-1000mL tap water

38
Q

small - volume enema

A

solution already bottled ready to give

39
Q

oil - retention enema

A

oil to soften feces / lube rectum

40
Q

how long should enemas be retained in rectum for ?

A

as long as possible
- small - volume = usually 1 - 5 min to work
- oil - retention = at least 30 min.

41
Q

which enemas are for cleansing ?

A
  • tap water
  • saline
  • soapsuds
42
Q

how are cleansing enemas used ?

A

“enemas until clear”
- given until solution is clear / free of stool (2 - 3 times)

43
Q

what are small - volume enemas used for ?

A

irritate rectum to cause BM

44
Q

how are small - volume enemas used ?

A
  • person voids first / is side - lying
  • given at room temp
  • tip inserted around 2in into rectum
  • squeeze / roll up bottle from bottom
  • do not release pressure on bottle
45
Q

what are oil - retention enemas used for ?

A

softens feces / lube rectum so BM passes easier

46
Q

how are oil - retention enemas used ?

A
  • person voids first / is side - lying
  • given at room temp
  • tip inserted around 2in into rectum
  • squeeze / roll up bottle from bottom
  • do not release pressure on bottle
47
Q

how does BM look for person w/ ileostomy ?

A

liquid stool; no colon to absorb water

48
Q

ostomy pouches

A

pouch worn over stoma to collect stool / flatulence
- well - fitting
- stool must not touch skin

49
Q

when are ostomy pouches changed?

A
  • every 2 - 7 days
  • when it leaks
  • 1 - 2 hours before bath / shower
50
Q

how does BM look for person w/ colostomy ?

A

depends on the site of disease / injury; liquid to formed
- more of the colon remaining = more solid stool

51
Q

what is double barrel colostomy ?

A

2 stomas; usually temporary
- one for excretion
- other for drugs to let bowel heal

52
Q

when are ostomy pouches emptied ?

A

around 1/3 - 1/2 full
- usually 2 - 6 times a day

53
Q

how are ostomy pouches emptied ?

A

into toilet paper lined toilet to avoid splashing
- clean outlet w/ paper towel / wipe after
- closed w/ clip / clamp / other closure

nurs105 (43 decks)

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