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NURS105 > Chapter 32 > Flashcards

Chapter 32 Flashcards

Exercise / Activity Needs

1
Q

abduction

A

move away from midline

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2
Q

adduction

A

move toward midline

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3
Q

ambulation

A

act of walking

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4
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size / wasting of tissue

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5
Q

muscle atrophy

A

decrease in muscle size

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6
Q

bed rest

A

restricting to bed / limiting activity for health reasons

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7
Q

contracture

A

decreased motion / stiffness of joints by shortening (contraction) of muscle; deformed / fixed into position
- cannot stretch

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8
Q

deconditioning

A

loss of muscle strength due to inactivity

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9
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending toes / foot toward body

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10
Q

extension

A

straightening of part away from body

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11
Q

external rotation

A

turning joint outward

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12
Q

flexion

A

bending a body part toward body

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13
Q

footdrop

A

permanent plantar flexion; foot falls down at ankle

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14
Q

hyperextension

A

excessive straightening of part away from body

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15
Q

immobility

A

inability to move

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16
Q

internal rotation

A

turning joint inward

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17
Q

mobility

A

person’s ability to move

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18
Q

opposition

A

touching thumb to each finger

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19
Q

orthotic devices

A

device to support / promote motion / correct deformity of muscle

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20
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending foot down toward ankle (away from body)

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21
Q

postural (orthostatic) hypotension

A

low BP when person stands up

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22
Q

pronation

A

turning joint downward

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23
Q

range of motion (ROM)

A

movement of joint to fullest extent w/o pain

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24
Q

ADL

A

activities of daily living

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25
Q

rotation

A

turning joint

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26
Q

supination

A

turning joint upward

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27
Q

common reasons to order bed rest ?

A
  • reduce oxygen needs / pain / swelling
  • promote healing
28
Q

types of bed rest ?

A

may be called different depending on agency;
- strict (complete) bed rest
- bed rest
- bed rest w/ commode privileges
- bed rest w/ bathroom privileges

29
Q

strict (complete) bed rest

A

everything is done for all ADL in bed for person

30
Q

bed rest

A

person able to perform some ADL

31
Q

bed rest w/ commode privileges

A

commode is used to eliminate at bedside

32
Q

bed rest w/ bathroom privileges

A

bathroom is used to eliminate

33
Q

possible complication due to immobility ?

A
  • pressure injuries
  • constipation
  • UTI, kidney stones
  • blood clots
  • pneumonia
  • contracture
  • atrophy
  • postural hypotension
34
Q

common sites of contracture ?

A
  • fingers / wrists
  • elbows
  • toes / ankles
  • knees
  • hips
  • neck / spine
35
Q

what can happen during postural (orthostatic) hypotension ?

A
  • dizziness / weakness
  • seeing spots
  • syncope (fainting)
36
Q

progression stages to increasing mobility

A

slowly change positions / give time to adjust
1) supine to fowlers
2) fowlers to dangling
3) dangling to standing
4) standing to walking / sitting in chair

37
Q

active ROM excerices

A

person does ROM themselves

38
Q

passive ROM (PROM) excercises

A

you move the joints for them
- support part being excercised at all times

39
Q

active-assistive ROM excercies

A

person does ROM w/ your help

40
Q

what will you ask when doing ROM exercises ?

A
  • if joint cannot move further / more
  • joint pain / discomfort
  • person needs to stop / rest
41
Q

how often / when are ROM exercises done ?

A

at least 2 days; bedrest may need more

42
Q

goal of ROM excercises

A
  • increase ROM
  • prevent loss / further decay of ROM
43
Q

how to assist ROM of shoulder ? (7)

A

support by holding wrist and elbow
- flexion; arms straight forward / above head
- extension; arm down
- hyperextension; arm behind body (in chair / standing)
- abduction; straight arm away from body
- adduction; straight arm toward body
- internal rotation; elbow same lvl as shoulder, rotate fingers pointing down
- external rotation; elbow same lvl as shoulder, fingers point up
repeat each 5x / number times on care plan

44
Q

how to assist ROM of elbow ? (2)

A

support by holding wrist and elbow
- flexion; bend arm, same side shoulder touched
- extension; straighten arm
- repeat each 5x / number of times on care plan

45
Q

how to assist ROM of forearm ? (2)

A

support by holding wrist and elbows
- pronation; rotate forearm so palm down
- supination; rotate forearm so palm is up
repeat each 5x / number of times in care plan

46
Q

how to assist ROM of wrist ? (5)

A

support by holding wrist w/ both hands
- flexion; bend hand down
- extension; straight hand w/ arm
- hyperextension; bend hand back
- radial flexion (deviation); hand toward thumb
- ulnar flexion (deviation); hand toward pinky
repeat each 5x / number of times in care plan

47
Q

how to assist ROM of thumb ? (5)

A

support by holding hand and thumb
- abduction; move thumb away from fingers vertically
- adduction; move thumb toward fingers vertically
- opposition; touch each fingertip w/ thumb
- flexion; thumb toward hand horizontally
- extension; thumb away from hand horizontally
repeat each 5x / number of times in care plan

48
Q

how to assist ROM of fingers ? (4)

A

support by holding fingers
- abduction; spread fingers apart
- adduction; bring fingers together
- flexion; make a fist
- extension; straighten fingers straight w/ arm
repeat each 5x / number of times in care plan

49
Q

how to assist ROM of hip ? (7)

A

support under knee and ankle
- flexion; raise leg
- extension; straighten leg
- hyperextension; leg behind body
- abduction; leg away from body sideways
- adduction; leg toward other leg sideways
- internal rotation; turn leg inward
- external rotation; turn leg outward
repeat each 5x / number of times in care plan

50
Q

how to assist ROM of knee ? (2)

A

support under knee and ankle
- flexion; bend knee
- extension; straighten knee
repeat each 5x / number of times in care plan

51
Q

how to assist ROM of ankle ? (2)

A

support under foot and ankle
- dorsiflexion; pull foot upward, push down heel
- plantar flexion; turn foot downward / point toes
repeat each 5x / number of times in care plan

52
Q

how to assist ROM of foot ? (2)

A

support foot and ankle
- pronation; turn outside foot up, inside foot down
- supination; turn outside foot down, inside foot up
repeat each 5x / number of times in care plan

53
Q

how should canes be used ?

A
  • held on strong side
  • goes forward w/ weak side
  • held 6-10in away from strong side
54
Q

how should walkers be used ?

A
  • pushed 6-8in in front of feet
  • never pushed w/ person sitting down on walker
  • never used to push self up (can tip)
55
Q

when are crutches used / how to use them properly ?

A

used when cannot use 1 or both legs;
- replace / dry worn down / wet crutch tips
- tighten all bolts
- wear fitted clothing and street shoes

56
Q

foot board

A

board at foot of bed planted against soles of feet
- prevent footdrop

57
Q

bed cradle

A

cradle over persons feet
- prevent pressure on toes / feet
- prevent footdrop

58
Q

trochanter roll

A

bath blanket / towel folded tightly to desired length
- prevent legs from turning outward

59
Q

hip abduction wedge

A

placed between hips to keep them apart
- common after hip replacement surgery

60
Q

hand roll / grip

A

prevents contractures of thumb, fingers, wrist

61
Q

finger cushion

A

like hand roll / grip
- prevents contractures of thumb, fingers, wrist
- fingers are separated

62
Q

splint

A

keeps boy part in normal position

63
Q

brace

A

applied over ankle, knee, back
- supports weak body part
- prevent / correct deformity
- prevents joint movement

64
Q

ankle-foot orthosis (AFOs)

A

supports / maintain alignment of foot and ankle
- worn w/ socks and shoes
- prevent footdrop
- common after stroke

65
Q

what should you do when applying any positioning device (AFOs, trochanter / hand roll, etc.) ?

A

keep all skin / bony prominences in contact w/ device clean / dry

NURS105 (43 decks)

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