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IMS+CANCER > s/e and monitoring of cytotoxic drugs > Flashcards

s/e and monitoring of cytotoxic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

s/e of IV cyotoxic drugs

A

extravasation of IV drugs = severe local tissue necrosis due to leakage of cyotoxin

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2
Q

s/e of cytotoxic drugs

A
  • oral mucositis
  • tumor lysis syndrome
  • hyperuricaemia
  • bone marrow suppression
  • alopecia (most common)
  • thromboembolism (chemo inc risk)
  • urothelial toxicity
  • myelosuppression
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3
Q

which drugs cause oral mucositis (sore mouth)

A
  • fluorouracil
  • methotrexate
  • anthracyclines
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4
Q

what helps with sore mouth associated with fluorouracil

A
  • sucking ice chips
  • good oral hygiene
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5
Q

is tx or preventing oral mucositis more effective

A

tx is less effective

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6
Q

tx of oral mucositis

A

saline mouthwash

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7
Q

tx of oral mycositits if due to methotrexate

A

folinic acid (levofolinic acid)

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8
Q

how does tumor lysis syndrome occur

A

due to rapid destruction of malignant cells

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9
Q

what diseases have a higher risk of tumor lysis syndrome

A
  • non-hodgkins lymphoma
  • burkitts lymphoma
  • acute lymphblastic leukaemia
  • acute myeloid leukaemia
  • pre-exisiting hyperuricaemia
  • renal impairment
  • dehydration
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10
Q

what does tumour lysis sydrome cause

A

HYPER - K, Ph, Ca, uricaemia = leads to renal damage and arrhythmias = leads to renal damage and arrhythmias

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11
Q

which conditions is hyperuricaemia more present

A

more present in high grade lymphoma and leukaemia

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12
Q

hyperuricaemia s/e of cytotoxic

when is allopurinol started before tx tumors

also alternative to allopurinol

A
  • 24HR before treating tumors also hydrate pt
  • alternative = feboxostat given 2DY before tx
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13
Q

which drugs cause bone marrow suppression

A

caused by all drugs other except vincristine and bleomycin

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14
Q

s/e of cyotoxin s/e

when does bone marrow suppression occur

A

occurs 7-10DY after admin

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15
Q

s/e of cytoxin

what is checked to prevent / monitor bone marrow supression

A

check blood count before tx and reduce dose if bone marrow hasn’t recovered

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16
Q

during acute infection is cytotoxin drugs continued?

A

avoid tx during acute infections or seek medical if currently taking

17
Q

bone marrow supression - s/e of cytotoxin

tx of neutropenic fever if developed

A

immediately given broad spectrum antibodies

18
Q

does chemo increase or decrease risk of thromboembolism

A

increases

19
Q

s/e of cytotoxin

what does urothelial toxicity cause in urinary tract

A

causes haemorrhage in urinary tract

20
Q

which drugs cause urothelial toxicity

A

common in cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide

21
Q

tx of urothelial toxicity

A

mesna

22
Q

which drug causes myelosuppression

A

can be caused by methotrexate

23
Q

tx of myelosuppression toxicity

A

folinic acid

24
Q

Cytotoxin drugs + reproductive systems

A
  • mostly teratotogenic
  • exclude pregn before tx
  • contraception advise before tx
  • women of child-bearing age = contraception before + after tx
25
Q

alkyating drugs or procarbazine warnings with reproduction

A
  • high risk of permanent male stetility
  • consider sperm storage
  • affects women less onset of premature menopause
26
Q

alkylating agents s/e

cyclophosphamide, ifofsamide ,melphalan

A

-urthoelial toxicity
-high risk of permanent male sterility

27
Q

colour of urine, formulations, s/e and liposomal

anthracyclines

daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin

A
  • rubi-red urine
  • formulation x interchangable (conventional, liposomal, peggylated liposomal)
  • cardiotoxic s/e
  • liposomal -=less cardiotoxicity but causes painful mascular skin eruptions, prevent by cooling hands/feet/ avoiding gloves + sicks
28
Q

antimetabolites s/e

cytarabine, fluorouracil, methotrexate, mercaptopurine

A

mucositis + myelosupression

29
Q

cytotoxic antibodies s/e

blemoycin, mitomycin

A
  • progressive pulmonary fibrosis
  • pulmonary toxicity
30
Q

type of reactions and monitoring

taxanes s/e and monitoring

carbazitaxenes, docetaxes, paciltaxes

A
  • hypersensitivity reactions - premediate with corticosteroids + antihistamines
  • monitor cardiac output
  • monitor for signs and symp of penumonitis + spesis
31
Q

vinca alkaloids route of admin and s/e

vinblastine, vincristine, videsine

A
  • IV admin only
  • AVOID intratheal route it is FATAL
  • bronchospasms
  • neurotoxicity = neuropathy, motor weakness, myalgia

IMS+CANCER (9 decks)

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