lecture 12 LOs Flashcards
where is ACh a key NT
peripheral and central nervous systems
what does ACh do in the peripheral nervous system
used at all neuromuscular junctions and parasympathetic nervous systems
what does ACh do in the central nervous system
multiple cell body regions enervate cortical/subcortical regions and the ACh interneurons in the striatum
what is ACh made from
choline and acetyl coenzyme A
what are the components of ACh catalyzed by
choline and acetyl coenzyme A are catalyzed by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
where is ChAT found
only in neurons that use Ach
what is the rate of ACh synthesis controlled by
avaiability of precursors
rate of cell firing
are there selective inhibitors for ChAT
none have been found
what packages ACh into vesicles
vesicular ACh transporters (VAChT)
what does vesamicol do
blocks VAChT (what packages ACh into vesicles) and reduces ACh levels
what does black widow spider venom do
causes massive ACh release in the PNS
cholinergic over activity causes muscle pain, tremors, nausea, vomiting, salivation, copius sweating
what does botulinium toxin do to ACh
inhibits its release selectively in nueromuscular joints
does ACh undergo direct reuptake
no
how are ACh levels controlled
by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
what does AChE do
rapidly breaks down to choline and acetic acid
where is AChE found
on post synaptic membranes and in presynaptic cells that metabolize excess ACh