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WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World > 8. South of France > Flashcards

8. South of France Flashcards

1
Q

FThe Languedoc-Rousillon has a large area under vine (224,000) but the lowest yields of all French wine regions. Why?

A

Low rainfall and a warm, windy climate causing high levels of evapotranspiration.

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2
Q

What is the general climate of the Languedoc?

A

Mediterranean

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3
Q

What two developments helped grape growing and winemaking become an important driver of the Languedoc’s economy?

A

1) The Canal du Midi connecting to Bordeaux in the late 17th century
2) The building of railways in the middle 19th century enabling transport to Paris

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4
Q

What per cent of Languedoc’s production does AOC wine account for?

A

15%

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5
Q

What per cent of Languedoc’s production do co-operatives account for?

A

60%

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6
Q

What is the Tramontane?

A

A cool, dry north-west wind that blows for about 200 days per year reducing disease pressure from fungal disease

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7
Q

What are the six most grown varieties in Languedoc (5 red, 1 white)?

A

1) Syrah
2) Grenache Noir
3) Merlot
4) Carignan
5) Cabernet Sauvignon
6) Chardonnay

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8
Q

When does Carignan bud and ripen

A

Late

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9
Q

Why is Carignan not particularly suited to machine harvesting?

A

The bunches are firmly attached to the vine

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10
Q

What three things is Carignan prone to?

A

1) High yields
2) Powdery
3) Grape moths

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11
Q

What regional IGP is the biggest producer of IGP wines in France?

A

Pays d’Oc accounting for up to 15% of all French wine depending on vintage

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12
Q

Which two Languedoc appellations do not require the use of Grenache Noir?

A

1) Cabardes
2) Malepere

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13
Q

In which two Languedoc appellations is Carignan the principal grape variety?

A

1) Corbieres
2) Fitou

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14
Q

What are the maximum yields for Languedoc AOC?

A

1) Red - 50 hL/ha
2) White - 60 hL/ha

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15
Q

What two mountain ranges provide sites for Corbiere’s vineyards?

A

1) Tauch
2) D’Alaric

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16
Q

What is the maximum yield for red, white, rose in Corbieres?

A

50 hL/ha

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17
Q

What sub-appellation of Corbieres requires Carignan, Grenache Noir and Mourvedre to make up 70% of the blend?

A

Corbieres-Boutenac AOC

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18
Q

Describe the terroir of Minervois La Liviniere AOC

A

A limestone terrace up to 400m with good sun exposure, drainage and cooling influence from altitude

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19
Q

Describe the two areas within Saint-Chinian AOC

A

1) North: arid, fast-draining schist with low-yielding vines
2) South: clay and limestone producing higher yields of less concentration

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20
Q

What are the two sub-zones within the northern area of Saint-Chinian

A

1) Saint-Chinian Roquebrun
2) Saint-Chinian Berlou

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21
Q

What was the first Languedoc AOC?

A

Fitou

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22
Q

Fitou is made up of two areas. Describe the differences

A

1) Coastal: flat plains of limestone and clay producing lower concentrated wines
2) Inland: mountainous with faster-draining schist

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23
Q

Describe the terroir of Faugeres

A

250-400masl on well-drained, low fertility schist

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24
Q

Compared with many other Languedoc appellations, Pic Saint-Loup’s climate is what?

A

More continental with higher rainfall

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25
Q

Due to Pic Saint-Loup’s climate, what grape variety performs well?

A

Syrah

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26
Q

What wine styles may be made in Pic Saint-Loup?

A

Red and rose only

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27
Q

What wine style may be made in Terrasses du Larzac?

A

Red only

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28
Q

Terrasses du Larzac must be a blend of at least how many varieties?

A

Three

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29
Q

Name an example of a super-premium Terrasses du Larzac

A

La Peira

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30
Q

At what altitude are vineyards in Terrasses du Larzac planted?

A

120-400m

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31
Q

What is La Clape AOC?

A

A coastal Languedoc AOC established in 2015 with a warm, sunny, dry and windy climate

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32
Q

What is the only grape variety in Picpoul de Pinet AOC?

A

Piquepoul Blanc

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33
Q

What is the maximum yield of Picpoul de Pinet?

A

55 hL/ha

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34
Q

Before the arrival of new technology in the 1970s and 1980s, what was the main use of Piquepoul Blanc?

A

As the base wine in local Vermouth

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35
Q

Co-operatives account for what per cent of Picpoul production?

A

90%

36
Q

What is the main market for Picpoul de Pinet?

A

Export (UK 60%)

37
Q

What two blend regulations must Malepere AOC adhere to?

A

1) Must be a blend of at least two varieties
2) Must be at least 40% Merlot

38
Q

Describe Malepere AOC’s climate

A

Influenced by the Atlantic due to mountain protection from the Mediterranean

39
Q

Cabardes AOC must be a blend of what varieties?

A

40% each of Cabernets, Merlot, and Grenache and/or Syrah

40
Q

What region of the Languedoc is mainly devoted to sparkling wine?

A

Limoux

41
Q

What wine category has increased rapidly in response to demand in the Languedoc in the last 10 years?

A

Rose

42
Q

Name three high quality producers found across the Languedoc

A

1) Mas de Daumas Gassac
2) Clos d’Ora
3) Chateau Puech-Haut

43
Q

What mountain range dominates the Rousillon?

A

Pyrenees

44
Q

Unlike the Languedoc, most of Roussillon’s production is AOC. Why?

A

There is no extensive flat, coastal plain suited to high volume grape growing

45
Q

What is Roussillon’s climate?

A

Warm, windy, Mediterranean with moderate rainfall and high sunshine hours

46
Q

What are the three leading Roussillon AOCs?

A

1) Cotes du Roussillon AOC
2) Cotes du Roussillon Villages AOC
3) Collioure AOC

47
Q

What is IGP Cotes Catalanes?

A

An IGP that covers the Pyrenees-Orientales department for red and white wines

48
Q

What is the maximum yield of Cotes du Roussillon AOC?

A

48 hL/ha

49
Q

What are the two vineyard blend requirements of Cotes du Roussillon AOC?

A

1) Maximum 50% Carignan
2) Minimum 25% Syrah and Mourvedre separately or together

50
Q

What are the two wine blend requirements of Cotes du Roussillon AOC?

A

1) Minimum two varieties
2) The variety with the highest percentage must not exceed 80%

51
Q

Cotes du Roussillon Villages AOC must be what wine style only?

A

Red only

52
Q

What is the maximum yield of Cotes du Roussillon Villages AOC?

A

45 hL/ha

53
Q

Why might a Cotes du Roussillon Villages have higher acidity than a Cotes du Roussillon AOC?

A

Higher altitude with greater cooling influences (up to 400m compared with 250m)

54
Q

What is an example of a named Cotes du Roussillon Villages?

A

Cotes du Roussillon Villages Tautavel AOC

55
Q

There are five named villages that may be appended to Cotes du Roussillon Villages. What is their maximum yield?

A

42 hL/ha

56
Q

What is the maximum yield of Collioure AOC?

A

40 hL/ha though typically much lower

57
Q

With which fortified appellation does Collioure AOC share its boundaries?

A

Banyuls AOC

58
Q

What white variety is most used in Provence?

A

Rolle aka Vermentino

59
Q

What per cent of Provence’s production does rose account for?

A

90%

60
Q

What per cent of France’s rose production does Provence account for?

A

40-45%

61
Q

What is the climate of Provence?

A

Mediterranean

62
Q

What wind has both positive and negative impacts on Provence?

A

Mistral

63
Q

What is the local black variety occasionally used in Provence rose?

A

Tibouren

64
Q

Up to 20% of white varieties may be used in the blend of a Provence rose. Why might this be useful?

A

May reduce the alcohol in the blend

65
Q

What is the most common form of making rose in Provence?

A

Direct pressing

66
Q

What are four advantages of hand harvesting and whole bunch pressing fruit destined for Provence rose?

A

1) Less stress on the grapes especially if picked when coolest
2) Fruit can be sorted in the vineyard
3) Whole bunch is gentler extracting fewer solids and phenolics
4) More juice is produced at lower pressure due to the channels through which the juice can run created by the stems

67
Q

What are four disadvantages of hand harvesting and whole bunch pressing fruit destined for Provence rose?

A

1) Requires large, well-trained team
2) Labour can be difficult to source and unavailable at the optimum time
3) Hand harvesting is slower
4) Whole bunch pressing is more time consuming as fewer bunches can be loaded into the press

68
Q

What are four advantages of machine harvesting fruit destined for Provence rose?

A

1) Fast
2) Cheaper
3) Grapes can be picked whenever
4) Shortest possible delay between picking and refrigeration/pressing

69
Q

What are three disadvantages of machine harvesting fruit destined for Provence rose?

A

1) Expensive cap-ex investment in machinery and op-ex of trained driver
2) Whole bunch is not possible
3) Destemmed grapes require higher pressure to extract the same amount of juice as whole bunch pressing

70
Q

At what temperature range is Provence rose typically fermented?

A

14-18

71
Q

May a Provence rose be anything other than dry?

A

No

72
Q

How might the colour of the wine be adjusted if it’s deemed too deep?

A

Fining

73
Q

Give an example of an oak-aged, premium Provence rose

A

Chateau d’Esclans Garrus

74
Q

What is the maximum yield of Cotes de Provence AOC?

A

55 hL/ha

75
Q

What is the largest sub-region of Cotes de Provence AOC?

A

Cotes de Provence Sainte-Victoire AOC

76
Q

What is the principal variety in Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC and Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOC?

A

Counoise

77
Q

What is the maximum yield of Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC and Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOC?

A

60 hL/ha

78
Q

What Provence AOC makes mostly red wines?

A

Les Baux de Provence AOC

79
Q

Describe the terroir of Bandol AOC

A

Steep, terraced slopes with low fertility rocky limestone and clay soils

80
Q

What is the maximum yield in Bandol AOC?

A

40 hL/ha

81
Q

Bandol rose must be what per cent Mourvedre?

A

20-95%

82
Q

Bandol reds must be what per cent Mourvedre?

A

50-95%

83
Q

What are three other small appellations in Provence mostly for white wine?

A

Bellet AOC
Cassis AOC
Palette AOC

84
Q

In 1955 cru classe status was granted to 23 estates of which 18 remain. Name two

A

1) Clos Mireille
2) Domaine Rimaurescq

85
Q

Which country is the largest consumer of rose in the world?

A

France

86
Q

What is the largest importer of Provence wine?

A

USA (nearly 50% of all exports)

87
Q

How does Provence wine market itself?

A

On the Riviera lifestyle and with celebrity endorsement/winery ownership

WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World (22 decks)

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