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WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World > 20.3 Spain - Rioja > Flashcards

20.3 Spain - Rioja Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the river that flows through Rioja?

A

Rive Ebro

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2
Q

What is the mountain range to the north of Rioja that protects it from the Atlantic?

A

Sierre de Cantabria

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3
Q

What is the name of the mountain sub-range to the south of Rioja that shelters it from the warmer centre of the country?

A

Seirra de la Demanda

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4
Q

Why does Rioja gain some Mediterranean influence on its eastern side?

A

The Ebro is at its widest as it flows from the north-west

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5
Q

What are the three zones of Rioja?

A

1) Rioja Alta
2) Rioja Alavesa
3) Rioja Oriental

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6
Q

What is the largest zone of Rioja?

A

Rioja Alta

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7
Q

What is the climate of Rioja Alta?

A

Generally continental with some maritime influences

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8
Q

What is the predominant soil type of Rioja Alta?

A

Clay (calcareous in the north west; ferrous in the south)

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9
Q

What is the smallest Rioja zone?

A

Rioja Alavesa

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10
Q

What is the climate of Rioja Alavesa?

A

Cool and wet (similar to the north west of Alta)

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11
Q

Despite being further south than the other two zones, why can Rioja Oriental be just as cool?

A

Its vineyards are planted at altitudes up to 1,000m

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12
Q

Which zone and part of Rioja is most susceptible to drought?

A

The low altitude areas of Rioja Oriental

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13
Q

What are the six black varieties permitted in Rioja?

A

1) Tempranillo
2) Garnacha
3) Graciano
4) Mazuelo/Carinena
5) Maturana Tinta/Trousseau
6) Cabernet Sauvignon

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14
Q

Why have Tempranillo plantings drastically increased in the last 50 years?

A

Due to its ability to produce larger yields, especially since the legalisation of irrigation, which made Garnacha’s drought tolerance less important.

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15
Q

In which zone is Garnacha best suited?

A

Rioja Oriental

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16
Q

When does Graciano ripen?

A

Late

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17
Q

What does Graciano contribute to a Rioja blend?

A

High acidity, tannin, and fresh black fruit

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18
Q

What six white grape varieties are planted in Rioja?

A

1) Viura
2) Tempranillo Blanco
3) Malvasia
4) Garnacha Blanca
5) Verdejo
6) Sauvignon Blanc

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19
Q

When does Viura bud and ripen?

A

Late

20
Q

What is Viura also known as?

A

Macabeo

21
Q

What is Viura susceptible to?

A

Botrytis

22
Q

What wine style does Tempranillo Blanco produce?

A

High acid wines with flavours of lemon grapefruit and pineapple

23
Q

How are Malvasia and Garnacha Blanca typically used?

A

As blending components to add greater diversity of flavours generally in oak-matured mid-priced to premium wines

24
Q

How are Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc typically used?

A

Either as varietal wines or in inexpensive unoaked blends

25
Q

What is a criticism of the Rioja Consejo’s regulatory focus on ageing only?

A

Practices in the vineyard and winery that may be conducive to quality as not stipulated meaning there can be vast differences in style, quality and price within each age category

26
Q

What was/is the vinos de autor movement?

A

Beginning in the 1990s, some producers launched premium wines without ageing categories instead focusing on ripeness, concentration and structure using French oak instead of the more common American oak of the region.

27
Q

Why is blending parcels of grapes from various parts of the DOCa a common, longstanding feature of Rioja?

A

The region has many small growers, relatively few wineries, and a large number of co-ops.

28
Q

Name two wineries and their wines producing high quality white Rioja

A

1) Castillo Ygay by Marques de Murrieta
2) Vina Tondonia Gran Reserva by Lopez de Heredia

29
Q

Rioja rose tends to be made from which two varieties?

A

Tempranillo and Garnacha

30
Q

Viura is the main grape variety for most white Rioja. How do winemakers achieve greater complexity in more premium examples? (2)

A

1) Lower yielding vines
2) Oak maturation

31
Q

What are the three new labelling terms permitted in Rioja since 2018?

A

1) Vino de Zona
2) Vino de Municipio
3) Vinedo Singular

32
Q

What are the specifications of Vino de Zona?

A

1) All grapes must be sourced from the single zone named
1b) 15% is permitted from outside the zone as long as the producer can provide evidence of sourcing grapes from that vineyard for 10 consecutive years
2) Vinification, ageing, and bottling must all take place within the named zone.

33
Q

What are the specifications of Vino de Municipio?

A

1) All grapes must be sourced from the single municipality named
1b) 15% is permitted from outside the municipality as long as the producer can provide evidence of sourcing grapes from that vineyard for 10 consecutive years
2) Vinification, ageing, and bottling must all take place within the named municipality meaning producers must have a winery in that municipality.

34
Q

What are five specifications of Vinedo Singular?

A

1) All grapes must be sourced from particular vineyards or estates that constitute the formal Vinedo Singular
2) Vinification, ageing, storage and bottling must take place in the same winery
3) Yields must respect maximum levels
4) The vineyard must be hand harvested and treated sustainably
5) Checks on traceability are carried out and the wine must be authorised by a tasting panel

35
Q

A producer of Vinedo Singular must have owned the vineyard for how long?

A

The producer must have owned the vineyard for 10 years

36
Q

What is the minimum vine age of a Vinedo Singular?

A

The vineyard must be a minimum of 35 years old

37
Q

Rioja legislation specifies that the oak vessels must be of what maximum capacity?

A

225 L (barriques)

38
Q

Rioja legislation specifies that minimum ageing term for red Crianza is how long?

A

1) 12 months in barrel
2) 24 months total (from 1 October year of harvest)

39
Q

Rioja legislation specifies that minimum ageing term for white and rose Crianza is how long?

A

1) 6 months in barrel
2) 24 months total (from 1 October year of harvest)

40
Q

Rioja legislation specifies that minimum ageing term for red Reserva is how long?

A

1) 12 months in barrel
2) 6 months in bottle
3) 36 months total

41
Q

Rioja legislation specifies that minimum ageing term for Rose and white Reserva is how long?

A

1) 6 months in barrel
2) 24 months total

42
Q

Rioja legislation specifies that minimum ageing term for red Gran Reserva is how long?

A

1) 24 months in barrel
2) 24 months in bottle
3) 60 months total

43
Q

Rioja legislation specifies that minimum ageing term for white and rose Gran Reserva is how long?

A

1) 6 months in barrel
2) 48 months total

44
Q

What is the most popular age category domestically?

A

Crianza

45
Q

Why is the average price of Rioja well below that of the prestigious regions of France and Italy?

A

Relatively cheap vineyard land and cheap prices for grapes grown in the warmer, flatter areas

46
Q

Why do more than 40% of grape growers sell to co-ops?

A

Over 50% of the vineyard area consists of plots 1ha or less and 75% 2ha or less

WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World (22 decks)

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