Chapter 5 pt.4 Flashcards
The amine transmitter Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid _________
L-tryptophan
What does Serotonin help with? (its functions)
It regulates mood and aggression, appetite and arousal, respiration and pain perception
Which two transmitters are considered the workhorses of the brain because so many synapses use them?
Glutamate (Glu) and Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
In the forebrain and cerebellum, __________ is the main excitatory transmitter and _________ is the main inhibitory transmitter
Glutamate, GABA
_________ (Gly) is a much more common inhibitory transmitter in the brainstem and spinal chord, where it acts within the renshaw loop
glycine
_______________ are multifunctional chains of amino acids that act as neurotransmitters
Neuropeptides (peptide transmitters)
How are neuropeptides synthesized
they are synthesized through the translation of mRNA from instructions contained in the neurons DNA
In some neurons, peptide transmitters are made in the axon terminal, but most of them are assembled where?
on the neurons ribosomes
The entire process of neuropeptide synthesis and transport is ______ compared with nearly ready-made small molecule neurotransmitters
slow
What system do neuropeptides perform an enormous range of functions?
The Nervous System
What are Endocannabinoids?
a lipid transmitter that’s synthesized at the postsynaptic membrane to act on receptors at the presynaptic membrane
Because endocannabinoids are lipophilic (fat-loving), they are NOT soluble in ______ and are NOT stored in __________
Water; Vesicles
Which receptor is the target of all cannabinoids
CB1
Phytocannabinoids are obtained from which two help plants?
Cannabis sativa and cannabis indica
How are gaseous transmitters synthesized?
They are synthesized on demand by the cell and diffuses away, crossing the cell membrane and immediately becoming active (they aren’t stored)
