Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 275 > Chapter 6 pt.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Zoopharmacognosy”

A

when non-human animals self-medicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do we group psychoactive drugs?

A

based on the primary neurotransmitter system they are known to affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most psychoactive drugs have three names, what are they?

A

Chemical: describes the drugs structure
Generic
Proprietary: brand name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What drug is caffeine similar too?

A

Adenosine, it binds to adenosine receptors without activating them, blocking adenosine (induces drowsiness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Caffeine inhibits an enzyme called Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP), what does this enzyme do?

A

it leads to increased glucose production, making more energy available and allowing higher rates of cellular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is there caffeine in some plants

A

Because caffeine acts as a natural pesticide, discouraging or killing herbivorous insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main Cholinergic drug

A

Nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What receptors does nicotine stimulate and what does this do?

A

nicotine stimulates acetylcholine nicotinic receptors (nAChr), which then indirectly cause the release of acetylcholine and several other neurotransmitters. The release of dopamine provides the reinforcing aspect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At low doses, GABAergic agonists reduce ________; at medium doses, they ______; at high doses, they ___________ or induce ______. At very high doses, they can ______

A

anxiety; sedate’ anesthetize or induce coma,. Kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Excitation of the GABAa receptor produces an influx of ____ through its pore. An influx of ____ increases the concentration of ________ _______ in the cell membrane

A

CI-, CI-, negative charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GABA produces its inhibitory effect by decreasing what?

A

the neurons firing rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Benzodiazepines?

A

a class of chemicals that are medically prescribed to reduce anxiety, and are used by people who are having trouble coping with physical or mental stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why shouldn’t alcohol and benzodiazepine be consumed together?

A

because they activate the same receptor, with can promote a big influx of CI-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is cross-tolerance?

A

when the tolerance for one drug is carries over to a different member of the drug group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What substance regulate brain development

A

GABA

17
Q

One receptor of the Glutamatergic system is NMDA, which have two antagonists. What are they?

A

Phencyclidine (PCP) and Ketamine (Special K)

18
Q

PCP and Ketamine are known as dissociative anesthetics, why?

A

because they produce feelings of detachment and dissociation from the environment and self

19
Q

ketamine is currently prescribed for what?

A

maintaining anesthesia, and for having antidepressant effects (for people who dont respond to the standard treatments)

20
Q

What are the most common dopaminergic agonists

A

Cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine

21
Q

How is amphetamine different then cocaine

A

cocaine blocks the dopamine reuptake transporter, but amphetamine reverses the transporter that packages dopamine, freeing the dopamine

22
Q

Amphetamine-based drugs are prescribed to treat what disorder?

A

ADHD

23
Q

The recreational dosage of amphetamine and methylphenidate is about ___ times higher than the medically prescribed dosage

A

50

24
Q

What does the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia say?

A

that some forms of schizophrenia may be related to excessive dopamine activity, especially in the frontal lobes
(dopamine antagonists would then help with schizophrenia

25
Q

FGAs are first generation antipsychotics. that include phenothiazines and butyrophenones.
How exactly do FGA’s work?

A

It blocks the Dopamine D2 receptor, which immediately reduces motor activity

26
Q

SGAs are second-generation antipsychotics, how do these differ from FGA’s

A

they block dopamine D2 receptors AND Serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.

27
Q

What is Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)

A

a movement disorder that results in involuntary, repetitive body movements such as grimacing, sticking out the tongue, or smacking the lips, as well as rapid jerking movements or slow writhing movements

28
Q

What are Serotonergic agonists known for?

A

altering perceptions of ones surroundings, feelings, sensations, and images (producing “trips”)

29
Q

What three serotonergic agonist drugs are prescribed for depression

A

MOA inhibitors
Tricylics
SSRI’s

30
Q

what are some properties of opioids

A

sleep-inducing and pain-relieving effects

31
Q

Where does opium come from?

A

the opium poppy

32
Q

what is a competitive inhibitor?

A

a drug that competes with another drug for a receptor site

33
Q

what drug is a competitive inhibitor for opioids

A

naloxone

Psych 275 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions