05_Intercultural Communication Flashcards
How many definitons of communication existed in 1977?
over 170
Wide vs. Narrow Communication Concept
Wide Communication Concept
- communication between living organism, technical systems and/or machines and humans
Narrow Communication Concept
- communication between humans
- based on common goals
Communication can be any or all of the following
- an action on others
- an interaction with others
- a reaction to others
Model for Communication
Communication as exchange of meaning
- Idea or feeling comes from source
- put into symbols [encoded]
- to produce a message which is transmitted through channel
- channel is medium used for communication
- message is interpreted by the receiver [decoded] who responds
- context is environment in which the communication takes place
- noise means anythign which distorts the message (on channel level)
Intercultural communication
in context of Model for Communication
takes place when sender and receiver are from different cultures
Defintion of Intercultural
- Intercultural as an encounter and understanding to people who belong to different cultures
- cultural overlap
Cultural Overlap
- occurs when otherness impacts own-culture perspective and when interaction occurs between dissimilar others
- situations of cultural overlap are created by dynamics between experience and behaviour
To deal successful with the challenges in the situation of cultural overlap, one must be aware of:
3 items
Thomas et al. 2010
- Requirements of own culture orientation
- recognize, reflect on and acknowledge conditions underlying own-culture perception, thinking, feeling and acting - Requirements of other culture orientation
- recognize, reflect on and acknowledge conditions underlying other-culture perception, thinking, feeling and acting - Requirements of intercultural orientation
- own and other-culture mental scripts must, for the sake of intercultural cooperation, be mutually adaptable and integrated into shared meanings
Who defined Intercultural Communication as a term
Edward T. Hall (1959) in his book the silent language
What are the hidden dimensions according to Edward T. Hall
in context of intercultural communication
- differences in ideas of time
- in a culturally influenced feeling for distance and closeness
Culture vs. Communication
Culture is
- learned
- shared
- multifaceted
- dynamic
- overlapping
Communication is
- style
- type
- attitude
- verbal / non verbal
Importance of Intercultural Communication
- globalization
- growth of world population
- human migratory movements in world [US, Russia, Saudi Arabia, UAE]
- understanding each other
- recognition of cultural differences
- applied in business, management, marketing, ads and website design -> impact on bussines but also social life
If 2 people of different cultures interact, they must come into play while developing a 3rd culture that commands thought patterns and behaviour of both parties
Basic Models of Communication
2 items [early communication models]
McQuail, Denis; Windahl, Sven (1993): Communication Models. For the study of mass communications
1. Lasswell Formula
Communicator; Message; Medium; Receiver; Effect
- ciritized for omitting feedback
2. Braddock’s extension of the Lasswell Formula
- 2 more facets of communicative act added
- under which circumstance was message sent?
- for what purpose?
2 models for Mass Communication
McQuail, Denis; Windahl, Sven (1993): Communication Models. For the study of mass communications
1. Shannon and Weaver
2. Osgood and Schramm circular model
Shannon and Weaver’s Model
McQuail, Denis; Windahl, Sven (1993): Communication Models. For the study of mass communications
- information source producing message
- message is formed into singals by transmitter
- signals sould be adapted to channel leading to receiver
- receiver reconstructs message from signal
- received message reaches destination
- noise interference possible
Linear Communication Model
- separates sender and receiver
