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Biology > Seed Plants > Flashcards

Seed Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of seed plants?

A

Heterosporous and greatly reduced gametophytes

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2
Q

What does Heterosporous mean?

A

Different spores

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3
Q

What are the different spores in seed plants?

A

megaspores and microspores

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4
Q

Do seed plants follow the trend of the reduction of the gametophyte?

A

yes

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5
Q

Male gametophyte is dispersed by _______ or ________

A

wind or animals

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6
Q

What is a seed?

A

a well-protected resting stage that often contains food for the embryo

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7
Q

Most modern seed plants have no swimming _________

A

Gametes

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8
Q

Most modern seed plants do not require _______ _______ for fertilization

A

liquid water

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9
Q

What is the name of the nutritive tissue in a seed?

A

Endosperm

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10
Q

What does Gymnosperms mean

A

Naked Seeds

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11
Q

The Gymnosperms where once ____________ _________ on earth

A

dominant vegetation

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12
Q

The Gymnosperms still dominate forests in the northern parts of the ___________ and at ___________

A

Northern Hemisphere; high elevations

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13
Q

What are the 5 surviving gymnosperm phyla?

A

Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
Cupressophyta
Gnetophyta
Pinophyta

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14
Q

What is an example of Cycadophyta

A

cycads or sago “palms”

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15
Q

What is an example of Ginkgophyta

A

ginkgoes

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16
Q

What is an example of Cupressophyta

A

redwoods, junipers, yews

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17
Q

What is an example of Gnetophyta

A

gnetophytes

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18
Q

What is an example of Pinophyta

A

conifers

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19
Q

Ginkgophyta are ______ and _______ trees

A

male; female

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20
Q

Ginkgophyta are all __________ from tree in Japanese temple garden, 17th century

A

descended

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21
Q

In the Gymnosperm life cycles, what is the confider example?

A

naked seeds are produced on the scales of female cones

22
Q

Pollen cones are ________ than seed cones

A

smaller

23
Q

How is pollen transferred in a gymnosperm?

A

Pollen is transferred by wind

24
Q

What is the microspore?

A

The sperm

25
Q

What is the megaspore?

A

The egg

26
Q

What are the flowering plants called?

A

The Angiosperms

27
Q

What distinguishes the the Angiosperms?

A

Double Fertilization

28
Q

What does double fertilization results in?

A

A triploid endosperm (nutritive tissue)

29
Q

Angiosperms are characterized by the production of _______ and _______

A

flowers; fruits

30
Q

Ovules and seeds are enclosed by a ________

A

carpel

31
Q

Flowers are made up of various combinations of _______ (female), ______ (male), _______, and _______

A

carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals

32
Q

Where are carpels found in flowering plants?

A

Female

33
Q

Where are stamens found in flowering plants?

A

Male

34
Q

“____________” have both carpels and stamens

A

Perfect flowers

35
Q

__________ plant species have both female and male flowers on one plant

A

Monoecious

36
Q

In ___________ species, male and female plants are separate

A

dioecious

37
Q

What are two major lineages of flowering plants

A

Monocots and Eudicots

38
Q

What are monocots?

A

one cotyledon; flower parts in 3s or multiples

39
Q

What are eudicots

A

two cotyledons; flower parts in 4s, 5s, or multiples

40
Q

What is a cotyledon?

A

embryonic “seed leaf”

41
Q

What are some examples of monocots?

A

palm trees, grasses (corn, wheat, rye, barley) lilies, and orchids

42
Q

What are some examples of dioecious?

A

cactus, rose, flowering, dogwood, apple, peas, sunflower

43
Q

Do monocots have parallel veins or branching veins?

A

parallel

44
Q

Do eudicots have parallel veins or branching veins?

A

branching

45
Q

As fruits mature, the ovary wall develops into a _________ that surrounds the seed or seeds.

A

pericarp

46
Q

Flowering plants have __________ with animals

A

coevolved

47
Q

Flowers attract pollinators with ________, __________, and ________

A

shapes, colors, and odors

48
Q

_________ predicted this orchid would be pollinated by a moth with a very long proboscis

A

Darwin

49
Q

What are simple fruit? Example?

A

Develops from a single flower with one carpel; Cherry

50
Q

What are aggregate fruit? Example?

A

Develops from a single flower with many separate carpel; Blackberry

51
Q

What are multiple fruit? Example?

A

Develops from a many flower with many carpel; Pineapple

52
Q

What are some examples of pollinators?

A

Bees, butterflys, hummingbirds, and bats

Biology (15 decks)

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