Chapter 30: Transport in Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant roots take up _____ and _________ from the soil

A

water; minerals

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2
Q

Mineral uptake requires transport ___________

A

proteins

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3
Q

Some minerals enter the plant by ____________; others by _____________

A

facilitated diffusion; active transport

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4
Q

Water moves through biological membranes by _________, toward cells with more negative water potential

A

osmosis

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5
Q

Water moves toward solutions with higher __________ concentrations

A

solute

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6
Q

What causes the turgor pressure?

A

Plant cell walls resist pressure of water moving in

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7
Q

Water travels through ______________ layers to reach vascular tissue

A

several tissue

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8
Q

Vascular tissue in a central cylinder called the _________

A

stele

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9
Q

What is the Apoplast?

A

intercellular spaces and cell walls

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10
Q

What is the Symplast?

A

intracellular spaces (enclosed by membranes)

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11
Q

What is the Casparian strip?

A

waterproof layer between cells of the endodermis

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12
Q

In the The casparion strip; Water cannot pass ________ endodermal cells; must go ________

A

between; through

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13
Q

The casparion strip; Allows plant to control which _____________ cross

A

mineral ions

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14
Q

Water and minerals pass from the soil to the xylem via the _______ and _________

A

apoplast; symplast

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15
Q

In the root, water and minerals may pass from the cortex into the stele only via the symplast, because the ______________ blocks the apoplast route at the endodermis

A

Casparian strip

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16
Q

Once water enters stele:
Uptake of water/minerals into ____________

A

xylem cells

17
Q

In plants, are the xylem cells dead and hollow?

A

yes

18
Q

Xylem transport is the result of combined effects of ___________, __________, and __________

A

transpiration, cohesion, and tension

19
Q

What is Transpiration?

A

evaporation of water from plant parts (especially leaves)

20
Q

What is Cohesion?

A

tendency of water molecules to “stick” together (hydrogen bonding)

21
Q

What is Tension?

A

negative pressure (pulls water upward from roots)

22
Q

Evaporation from the leaf (= transpiration) produces _________ in the surface film of water on the mesophyll cells, pulling water and dissolved minerals up the xylem from the root

A

tension

23
Q

Water evaporation _________ leaves, but a plant cannot afford to lose too much water

A

cools

24
Q

Transpirational water loss is minimized by the leaves’ ___________

A

waxy cuticles

25
Q

Stomata open and close via regulated changes in _____________

A

guard cell pressure

26
Q

Process balances photosynthesis (CO2 uptake) and water loss via __________

A

transpiration

27
Q

Organic solutes (e.g. sugars, photosynthetic products) are transported in the ________

A

phloem

28
Q

Products of photosynthesis, and some minerals, are translocated through _________ in the phloem via living sieve tube members

A

sieve tubes

29
Q

____________ proceeds in any direction in the stem, although in a single sieve tube it goes only one way

A

Translocation

30
Q

What causes the phloem transport?

A

translocation

31
Q

Translocation requires a ______________

A

supply of ATP

32
Q

Translocation in the phloem proceeds in accordance with the _________________

A

pressure flow model

33
Q

Difference in solute concentration between _________ and __________ allows a difference in pressure potential along sieve tubes, resulting in bulk flow

A

sources; sinks

34
Q

Companion cells load _________ into sieve-tube members at _________

A

sucrose; source

35
Q

__________ from xylem follows automatically, due to ________; increases _________ at source

A

Water; osmosis; turgor pressure

36
Q

Companion cells ________ into sink cells

A

unload sucrose

37
Q

Water exits sieve tube (back into xylem) via osmosis; __________ at sink

A

reduces turgor pressure

38
Q

The pressure flow model succeeds because sieve plates are normally open, __________________,
and because neighboring cells _____________________________________ in source regions and ________________ regions

A

allowing bulk flow; load organic solutes into sieve tube members; unload them in sink