Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
They are bronchodilators that are used for acute treatment of bronchospasm (relievers). They are used to prevent nocturnal attacks of asthma. They stimulate adenylate cyclase
SE: Tachycardia, development of tolerance, tremors, restlessness, ankle edema
B2-Agonists
B2-Agonists:
Rapid acting, short DOA
Rapid acting, long DOA
Long acting, long DOA
Terbutaline, Salbutamol, Fenoterol
Formoterol
Salmeterol
Bambuterol
Serevent
They are the antagonists for M3 receptors and are the first line drugs for COPD. They are used as relievers
Anticholinergics/ Muscarinic Antagonists
Atropine, belladonna alkaloids, ipratropium, tiotropium, oxytropium
This is the prototype anticholinergic drug
SE: xerostomia, urinary retention, hypertension, and mydriasis to blindness
Atropine and belladonna alkaloids
This is the most readily available anticholinergic that is often combine with salbutamol
Ipratropium
This is the most ideal anticholinergic because it is the most selective- it binds to M3 receptors only
Tiotropium
This is an anticholinergic that can bind to both M2 and M3 receptors
Oxytropium
They are drugs for asthma that are naturally-occurring and have purine rings. they are indicated for nocturnal attacks of asthma and respiratory stimulants of COPD. They are the alternative drugs for status asthmaticus. They inhibit PDE and increase cAMP, inhibit adenosine receptors, and blocks calcium influx
Methylxanthines
Caffeine (1,3,7 dimethylxanthine)
Theobromine (3,7 dimethylxanthine)
theophylline (1,3 dimethylxanthine)
They are also known as chromones and are extremely insoluble. They prevent the mast cells from bursting or exploding and are prophylactic agents
Inhaled agents (more common)
Oral agent
Anti-mediator release- mast cell stabilizers
Cromolyn sodium/ sodium cromoglycerate, nedocromil
Ketotifen
This drug is a lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor, decreasing the leukotriene concentration in the blood
Zileuton
These drugs are LTD4 antagonists or leukotriene receptor antagonists
One drug causes neuropsychiatric adverse events (black box warning)
Montelukast and zafirlukast
Montelukast
They are a mainstay treatment for bronchial asthma. They inhibit PA2 and cytokine release by macrophage. They are made up of the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring (CPPP)
One classification of this drug is responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect and is for asthma. They have an OH group at C11. They are long acting
One classification of this drug is responsible for its aldosterone effect (sodium-retained). They have an OH at C21. They are short acting
Steroids
Glucocorticoids (betamethasone and dexamethasone)
Mineralocorticoids (Fludrocorisone)
They are drugs for colds that cause vasoconstriction which allows sinus cavities to drain. They are adrenergic agonists. They are available as topical and oral drugs. The length of their therapy should not exceed 3-5 days (topical)
ADR: Rhinitis medicamentosa
Nasal decongestants
They are nasal decongestants that are administered through nasal spray
Short acting (frequent administration)
Intermediate acting
Long acting
Topical decongestants
Phenylephrine
Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline
Oxymetazoline and Xylometazoline
They are nasal decongestants that are given orally
SE: hypertension
Oral or Systemic decongestants
Pseudoephedrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenylephrine