Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

They are bronchodilators that are used for acute treatment of bronchospasm (relievers). They are used to prevent nocturnal attacks of asthma. They stimulate adenylate cyclase
SE: Tachycardia, development of tolerance, tremors, restlessness, ankle edema

A

B2-Agonists

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2
Q

B2-Agonists:
Rapid acting, short DOA

Rapid acting, long DOA

Long acting, long DOA

A

Terbutaline, Salbutamol, Fenoterol

Formoterol

Salmeterol
Bambuterol
Serevent

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3
Q

They are the antagonists for M3 receptors and are the first line drugs for COPD. They are used as relievers

A

Anticholinergics/ Muscarinic Antagonists
Atropine, belladonna alkaloids, ipratropium, tiotropium, oxytropium

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4
Q

This is the prototype anticholinergic drug
SE: xerostomia, urinary retention, hypertension, and mydriasis to blindness

A

Atropine and belladonna alkaloids

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5
Q

This is the most readily available anticholinergic that is often combine with salbutamol

A

Ipratropium

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6
Q

This is the most ideal anticholinergic because it is the most selective- it binds to M3 receptors only

A

Tiotropium

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7
Q

This is an anticholinergic that can bind to both M2 and M3 receptors

A

Oxytropium

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8
Q

They are drugs for asthma that are naturally-occurring and have purine rings. they are indicated for nocturnal attacks of asthma and respiratory stimulants of COPD. They are the alternative drugs for status asthmaticus. They inhibit PDE and increase cAMP, inhibit adenosine receptors, and blocks calcium influx

A

Methylxanthines
Caffeine (1,3,7 dimethylxanthine)
Theobromine (3,7 dimethylxanthine)
theophylline (1,3 dimethylxanthine)

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9
Q

They are also known as chromones and are extremely insoluble. They prevent the mast cells from bursting or exploding and are prophylactic agents

Inhaled agents (more common)

Oral agent

A

Anti-mediator release- mast cell stabilizers

Cromolyn sodium/ sodium cromoglycerate, nedocromil

Ketotifen

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10
Q

This drug is a lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor, decreasing the leukotriene concentration in the blood

A

Zileuton

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11
Q

These drugs are LTD4 antagonists or leukotriene receptor antagonists

One drug causes neuropsychiatric adverse events (black box warning)

A

Montelukast and zafirlukast

Montelukast

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12
Q

They are a mainstay treatment for bronchial asthma. They inhibit PA2 and cytokine release by macrophage. They are made up of the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring (CPPP)

One classification of this drug is responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect and is for asthma. They have an OH group at C11. They are long acting

One classification of this drug is responsible for its aldosterone effect (sodium-retained). They have an OH at C21. They are short acting

A

Steroids

Glucocorticoids (betamethasone and dexamethasone)

Mineralocorticoids (Fludrocorisone)

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13
Q

They are drugs for colds that cause vasoconstriction which allows sinus cavities to drain. They are adrenergic agonists. They are available as topical and oral drugs. The length of their therapy should not exceed 3-5 days (topical)
ADR: Rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Nasal decongestants

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14
Q

They are nasal decongestants that are administered through nasal spray

Short acting (frequent administration)

Intermediate acting

Long acting

A

Topical decongestants

Phenylephrine

Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline

Oxymetazoline and Xylometazoline

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15
Q

They are nasal decongestants that are given orally
SE: hypertension

A

Oral or Systemic decongestants
Pseudoephedrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenylephrine

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16
Q

They are a class of medications that are used to stop the cough reflex. It is indicated only when the cough is non-productive. They act on either the depressed medulla oblongata center or used to increase the threshold of peripheral reflexogenous zone

A

Antitussive (centrally- or peripherally-acting antitussives)

17
Q

They are antitussives that suppress the cough center found in the medulla of the brain and they increase the threshold

Habit forming centrally acting antitussive

This antitussive is prone to substance abuse

A

Centrally acting antitussives
Dextromethorphan, Codeine, Noscapine, Butamirate

Dextromethorphan

Codeine

18
Q

They are antitussives that decrease the sensitivity of the peripheral irritant’s receptors

A

Peripherally-acting antitussives
Levodropropizine, Benzonatate

19
Q

They are used for productive cough as they increase the amount of respiratory tract fluid to exert demulcent action. They stimulate bronchial glands to secrete water thus increasing the water portion of the mucus

A

Expectorants
Guaifenesin (glyceryl guiacolate)

20
Q

They decrease the viscosity of bronchial secretions and facilitate their elimination. they break the disulfide linkages between mucus molecules as these linkages make the phlegm viscous

One of the drugs is used as an antidote for paracetamol toxicity

A

Mucolytics
Hypertonic saline, Acetylcysteine

Acetylcysteine

21
Q

They are a subclass of mucolytics that act as 2-in-1: they break disulfide linkages and enhance mucociliary clearance

A

Mucoregulators
Ambroxol, Bromhexine, Carbocisteine