Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

It is a class of drug that acts as a diuretic that inhibits reabsorption of HCO3. It also decreases intraocular pressure, therby used for patients with glaucoma. Moreover, it is the DOC for acute mountain sickness. S/E: metabolic acidosis

One of the drugs under this classification can also decrease intracranial pressure

A

Proximal convoluted tubule diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide, Brinzolamide

Mannitol (osmotic diuretic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is a class of drug that acts as a diuretic that inhibits the Na/K/2 Cl cotransport or NKCC receptor. They are also known as high-ceiling diuretics due to their potency. It is used for acute pulmonary congestion or edema
S/E: hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hyper-GUL, ototoxicity

A

Loop of Henle or loop diuretics
Bumetamide, Furosemide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid (most ototoxic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is a class of drug that acts as a diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of Na and Cl or inhibits the Na/Cl co-transporter or NCC channel. This is the first-line drug for hypertension, since they cause vasodilation aside from diuresis. They are the DOC for patients with kidney stones or nephrolithiasis
S/E: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hyper-GUL

A

Distal convoluted tubule diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothiazide, Indapamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is a class of drug that acts as a diuretic that inhibits the aldosterone mediated reabsorption of Na and secretion of K. They prevent cardiac remodeling
S/E: hyperkalemia

A

Collecting tubule duct diuretic: potassium sparing diuretic
Aldosterone antagonists
Spironolactone, Eplerenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is a centrally acting alpha agonist that stimulate the alpha-2 receptors in the brainstem, reducing sympathetic outflow. It specifically is used for hypertensive urgency, administered sublingually

A

Clonidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is a class of drug that acts as a diuretic that inhibits Na channels
S/E: hyperkalemia

A

Collecting tubule duct diuretic: epithelial sodium channel inhibitors (ENAC)
Amiloride, triamterene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is a centrally acting alpha agonist that stimulate the alpha-2 receptors in the brainstem, reducing sympathetic outflow. It is used by pregnant women and gives a positive result for Coombs test

A

Methyldopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is a centrally acting alpha agonist that stimulate the alpha-2 receptors in the brainstem, reducing sympathetic outflow. They are the old drugs of this classification

A

Guanfacine
Guanabenz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

They are drugs that block beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and cardiac contractility. These are not first-line drugs; they are only given if the patient has a compelling indication

These drugs have a side effect of hypotension, so these specific group of beta blockers are used to counteract hypotension

A

Beta blockers

Beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These drugs block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Their S/E is dry cough, due to the non-degradation of bradykinin. Just like spironolactone, they prevent cardiac remodeling.
C/I: AKI. DOC: CKD

All of these drugs are prodrugs, except two

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) blockers

Lisinopril and captopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

These drugs competitively block angiotensin II receptors. They do not have the S/E of dry cough, making them preferrable for patient comfort. Just like spironolactone, they prevent cardiac remodeling.
C/I: AKI. DOC: CKD

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

These drugs bind to alpha-1 subunit of L-type calcium channel in muscle cell membrane reducing vascular smooth muscle contractility. It is vessel selective.
ADR: peripheral edema

A

Dihydropyridine CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

These drugs bind to alpha-1 subunit of L-type calcium channel in muscle cell membrane reducing vascular smooth muscle contractility. It is cardioselective.
ADR: bradycardia

A

Non-dihydropyridine CCB
Diltiazem and verapamil (more selective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This drug is a direct vasodilator that reduces intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells. It causes arteriolar dilation

A

Hydralazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This drug is a direct vasodilator that causes potassium efflux with smooth muscle relaxation. It causes arteriolar dilation. It is now used for hirsutism

A

Minoxidil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This drug is used for heart failure as a positive inotropic drug. It activates beta-1 receptors predominantly found in the heart. It is the DOC for cardiogenic shock

A

Dobutamine

17
Q

This drug is used for heart failure as a positive inotropic drug. It inhibits the Na/K ATPase pump. It is an alkaloid from Digitalis lanata and can have an S/E of arrythmia. The DOC for the arrythmia is lidocaine IV

A

Digoxin

18
Q

This drug is used for heart failure as a positive inotropic drug that is a PDE inhibitor (phosphodiesterase) which prevents the degradation of cAMP

A

Milrinone

19
Q

These drugs are vasodilators used for heart failure that increases the nitric oxide concentration to relax the smooth muscles. Management of its adverse effects are having free days to prevent its build up

A

Nitrates and nitroprusside

20
Q

It is a vasodilator for heart failure used to block calcium influx

A

Hydralazine

21
Q

It is a miscellaneous drug for HF used to decrease the preload, which then decreases the workload of the heart. It is used by patients with normal blood pressure but has heart failure

A

Loop diuretics

22
Q

These two are miscellaneous drugs for HF used to prevent cardiac remodeling

A

Spironolactone
ACE inhibitors

23
Q

It is a miscellaneous drug for HF that mimics the brain natriuretic peptide and increases cGMP

A

Nesiritide

24
Q

It is a miscellaneous drug for HF that decreases inotropy, thereby heart rate as well

A

Beta-blockers

25
Q

Ways to decrease the demand in stable angina

A

Rest
Cardiac depressants (negative inotropy) like non-DHP and beta-blockers

26
Q

A vasodilator used to increase the supply in stable angina that has a short duration and are fast acting. They are given SL

A

ISDN

27
Q

A vasodilator used to increase the supply in stable angina that are intermediate acting. They are given orally as maintenance medications when angina becomes more frequent

A

ISMN

28
Q

A vasodilator used to increase the supply in stable angina that has a long duration

A

Transdermal patches

29
Q

A miscellaneous drug for stable angina that is a metabolism modifier used to decrease fatty acid synthesis, resulting to lesser cholesterol plaque

A

Trimetazidine

30
Q

This is used for the management of NSTEMI and UA to dilate the coronary blood vessels and to relieve the angina

A

Nitrates

31
Q

This is used for the management of NSTEMI and UA to dissolve the clot

A

Dual antiplatelet (aspirin 80 and clopidogrel 75)
Anti-coagulant (heparin and enoxaparin)

32
Q

This is used for the management of NSTEMI and UA once it was stabilized

A

ACEIs/ ARBs
Beta-blockers
Spironolactone
High dose statin (Atorvastatin 40)

33
Q

Management for STEMI starting with either the jugular vein or femoral artery. This should be done within 90 minutes

A

Percutaneous coronary intervention
Angioplasty
Stenting

34
Q

If PCI is still not available, these drugs can be given

A

Fibrinolytic agents (Streptokinase, Alteplase)

35
Q

Management for STEMI if there are too many occlusions in different blood vessels or if there is total occlusion of a blood vessel. It makes use of the mammary artery or saphenous vein in the thigh

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions