Antivirals and Antiretrovirals Flashcards
They are drugs for influenza and act as M2 ion channel blockers. They primarily inhibit uncoating
One of the drugs is also used for Parkinson’s disease since it increases dopamine. Its AE includes orthostatic dysregulation and QT prolongation
M2 inhibitors
Amantadine, Rimantadine
Amantadine
They are drugs for influenza and act as neuraminidase inhibitors. They primarily inhibit uncoating. They are used for influenza A and B, and are the prophylaxis of influenza in adults and pediatric patients 5 years and older
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, Peramivir
They are drugs that will need viral enzymes for their initial phosphorylation, then use the host enzymes for succeeding phosphorylation. They inhibit viral DNA polymerase, which leads to the inhibition of viral DNA synthesis
Drugs for herpes virus
Drugs for herpes virus that acts as a guanosine (nucleoside) analog. They inhibit viral DNA polymerase, which leads to the inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. It has selective action, so it only targets infected cells and has minimal effects on host cells. It is indicated for Herpes simplex and varicella zoster.
One drug is used for herpes zoster (shingles)
One drug has an AE of crystalluria that leads to AKI. To prevent this, plain NSS is infused
[thymidine kinase]
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir (prodrug of acyclovir with greater BA)
Penciclovir
Famciclovir (prodrug of penciclovir with greater BA)
Famciclovir
Aciclovir
Drugs for herpes virus that acts as a guanosine (nucleoside) analog. They inhibit viral DNA polymerase, which leads to the inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. It has lower selectivity, thus it can affect host cell. it is used for CMV and prophylaxis against CMV
AE: Pancytopenia
[UL97 kinase]
Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir (prodrug of ganciclovir with greater BA)
A drug for herpes virus that is a DNA/ RNA polymerase inhibitor and HIV transcriptase inhibitor which inhibits DNA synthesis. it does not require activation of viral kinases because it uses the host enzyme. It is used for ganciclovir-resistant CMV retinitis and acyclovir-resistant HSV
[mutated viral DNA polymerase]
Foscarnet
A drug for herpes virus that is a DNA polymerase inhibitor which inhibits DNA synthesis. it does not require activation of viral kinases because it uses the host enzyme. It is used for CMV retinitis and acyclovir-resistant HSV
AE: nephrotoxic (reduced with administration of probenecid and IV fluids)
[mutated viral DNA polymerase]
Cidofovir
They are drugs for hepatitis B that act as nucleoside analogs that inhibits the reverse transcription of RNA to DNA. They usually need phosphorylation to be activated.
AE: bone marrow suppression, mitochondrial toxicity, HIV-associate lipodystrophy, metabolic changes, buffalo lumps
NRTIs (nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
NRTIs that are drugs for hepatitis B and are nucleotide (adenosine) analogs. They bind to the DNA polymerase which causes premature termination of DNA transcriptase
AE: nephrotoxic (Fanconi syndrome)
Unique drug that does not need phosphorylation to be activated
Tenofovir
Adefovir
Tenofovir
NRTIs that are drugs for hepatitis B and are nucleoside analogs. They inhibit the reverse transcriptase
Entecavir
Lamivudine
Telbivudine
They are drugs for hepatitis B that inhibits the reverse transcriptase but binds to the allosteric site. They do not need phosphorylation to be activated.
AE: hypersensitivity
One drug causes hepatotoxicity
One drug causes CNS toxicity
NNRTIs (non-nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Delavirdine
Nevirapine
Efavirenz
A drug for hepatitis C that is a guanosine analog (nucleoside inhibitor) that competitively inhibits IMP dehydrogenase, which leads to the prevention of synthesis of guanosine nucleosides. It is used for hepatitis C for all HIV genotype and RSV bronchitis
AE: Hemolytic anemia
Ribavirin
Drugs for hepatitis B and C that is antiviral and has immunomodulatory effect. They inhibit viral protein synthesis, promotes breakdown of viral RNA, and induces the increased expression of MHC class I molecules. They are used as monotherapy in acute hepatitis C and chronic active hepatitis B, and in combination in chronic hepatitis C
AE: Bone marrow suppression
Pegylated interferon-alpha
Interferon-alpha
A group of antiretrovirals used to inhibit the viral protease so that only immature virions are produced
SE: Hyperglycemia (due to inhibition of GLUT 4)
Protease inhibitors
Indinavir, Ritonavir, Nelfinavir, Lopinavir
A group of antiretrovirals used to inhibit the viral integrase
Integrase inhibitors
Raltegravir, Dolutegravir
