Endocrine Drugs

Question 1

This is a drug for hypothyroidism that is used for hypothyroid crisis. It is 3 to 4 times more active than Levothyroxine (T4)

Answer 1

Liothyronine (T3)

Question 2

This is a drug for hypothyroidism that is a combination of synthetic T4 and T3 in a ratio of 4:1

Answer 2

Liotrix

Question 3

This is a drug for hypothyroidism that contains T4 but without T3

Answer 3

Levothyroxine

Question 4

This is a drug for hyperthyroidism that inhibits thyroid peroxidase and condensation/coupling.
SE: Pruritic maculopapular rash

Answer 4

Thioamides/ Thionamides
Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Carbimazole

Question 5

This is a thioamide that also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. It has a short DOA, less potent, and is indicated for pregnant women and for thyroid storm
AE: Hepatitis

Answer 5

PTU/ propylthiouracil

Question 6

A thioamide that has longer DOA, 10x more potent, used as maintenance treatment but should not be used by pregnant women as it is teratogenic and can cause cutis aplasia. It is the first like drug of choice for hyperthyroidism
AE: Cholestatic jaundice

Answer 6

MMI/ methimazole

Question 7

This is a drug for hyperthyroidism that inhibits iodide uptake through competitive inhibition of Na/I symporter
SE: Aplastic anemia

Answer 7

Anionic inhibitors or inorganic anions
Potassium perchlorate, thiocyanate

Question 8

This is a drug for hyperthyroidism that exerts Wolff-Chaikoff effects (negative feedback). It is not for long term use
AE: Iodism
CI: Pregnancy

Answer 8

Iodides
Lugol’s solution, KIss (potassium iodide saturated solution)

Question 9

This is a drug for hyperthyroidism that inhibits the release of thyroid hormone and inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. It can be indicated for thyroid storm

Answer 9

Radiocontrast dyes

Question 10

This is a drug for hyperthyroidism that inhibits peripheral iodination of T4 to T3. It can be used for thyroid storm

Answer 10

Propranolol

Question 11

This is a drug for hyperthyroidism that interferes with peripheral conversion of T3 to T4. It is an adjunct treatment for thyroid storm

Answer 11

Prednisone
Dexamethasone

Question 12

This is a drug for hyperthyroidism that emits a high dose beta radiation for cellular and DNA damage. It is the most commonly used hyperthyroid treatment in the US
Precaution: Stop thioamides 1 week before this
CI: Pregnancy

Answer 12

Radioactive iodine (I-131)

Question 13

This is a type of insulin based on therapeutic use where it is used to control post-prandial hyperglycemia and are usually short acting
SE: Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy

Answer 13

Prandial insulin

Question 14

This is a type of insulin based on therapeutic use where it provides control of blood sugar throughout the day and are long acting
SE: Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy

Answer 14

Basal insulin

Question 15

This is a type of insulin based on duration that is in monomer form and should be given right before or after meals

Answer 15

Ultra rapid acting insulin
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Insulin Aspart (Novolog/ Novorapid)
Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)

Question 16

This is a type of insulin based on duration that is hexamer in form and is given 30 minutes before the meal. This is the only insulin that is given IV

Answer 16

Short acting
Regular insulin
Humulin, Actrapid or Novolin
Velosulin

Question 17

This is a type of insulin based on duration that is given twice a day to control blood sugar throughout the day

Answer 17

Intermediate acting
Isophane insulin (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn/ NPH insulin)
Lente

Question 18

This is a type of insulin based on duration that is given once daily to control blood sugar throughout the day

This insulin is soluble and ‘peakless’

Answer 18

Long acting
Ultralente
Insulin Glargine/ Lantus
Insulin Detemir/Levemir
Insulin Degludec

Insulin Glargine/Lantus

Question 19

They are oral hypoglycemic agents that promote insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas by blocking the ATP-sensitive K channels which lead to insulin exocytosis
SE: Hypoglycemia, weight gain

Answer 19

Insulin secretagogues
Sulfonylurea and meglitinides

Question 20

An insulin secretagogue that cannot control post-prandial hyperglycemia

Answer 20

Sulfonylurea
1st gen: Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide, Acetohexamide, Tolazamide
2nd gen: Glibenclamide, Glipizide, Gliclazide, Glimepiride

Question 21

A first generation secretagogue that has the longest half life but has the most side effects

Answer 21

Chlorpropamide

Question 22

A first generation secretagogue that has the fastest onset but is the most cardiotoxic. It is the safest 1st generation sulfonylurea for the elderly

Answer 22

Tolbutamide

Question 23

A first generation secretagogue that is converted to an active metabolite (hydrohexamide)

Answer 23

Acetohexamide

Question 24

They are the second generation secretagogues that are more potent than the first generation but have less side effects

Answer 24

Glibenclamide, Glipizide, Gliclazide, Glimepiride

Question 25

An insulin secretagogue that acts on the liver to decrease hepatic glucose production and on the muscle and tissue to increase peripheral tissue response to insulin

Answer 25

Biguanides Phenformin, Metformin

Question 26

A biguanide that is the only drug that is indicated for pre-diabetes. It is also the first line for type-2 DM, especially those who are newly diagnosed with it and has no contraindications SE: Diarrhea, lactic acidosis CI: Renal failure, hepatic failure, CHF

Answer 26

Metformin

Question 27

They are oral hypoglycemic agents that inhibits the alpha-glucosidase located in the intestinal bush border AE: Flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea CI: Intestinal bowel disease

Answer 27

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Acarbose, Miglitol

Question 28

They are oral hypoglycemic agents that decreases insulin resistance. It is an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) to increase insulin sensitivity AE: Edema, weight gain, HTN CI: Heart failure One of the drugs in this class has an AE of bladder cancer One of the drugs in this class has an AE of HF

Answer 28

Thiazolidinediones Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone

Question 29

They are oral hypoglycemic agents that decrease glucagon secretion and increases peripheral tissue response. The analog of the drug is co-secreted with insulin following food intake One of the drugs has an AE of weight loss and hypoglycemia

Answer 29

Amylin analogue Pramlintide

Question 30

They are oral hypoglycemic agents that stimulate insulin release, reduce food intake by enhancing satiety, decrease glucagon secretion, and promote beta cell proliferation. The hormone named after this drug is the hormone produced after eating

Answer 30

Incretin mimetics Glucagon-like peptide agonist (GLP-1), Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP-4)

Question 31

They are incretin mimetics that exert activity by activating the GLP-1 receptor. It is direct acting and can be given SC

Answer 31

GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide) agonist Exenatide, Liraglutide

Question 32

They are incretin mimetics used to prevent the deactivation of GLP-1 and is taken orally. It is indirect acting

Answer 32

DPP-4 (Dipeptidyl peptidase IV) inhibitor

Question 33

They are oral hypoglycemic agents that is responsible for reabsorbing filtered glucose in the kidney, thereby having decreased reabsorption AE: UTI, frequent urination

Answer 33

SGLT2 (Sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor)

Question 34

Oral hypoglycemic agents that cause weight loss

Answer 34

GLP-1 agonists SGLT2 inhibitors Amylin analogue

Question 35

Oral hypoglycemic agents used to control post-prandial glucose elevation

Answer 35

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors GLP-1 agonists DPP-4 inhibitors Amylin analogue

Question 36

Oral hypoglycemic agents that can cause weight loss and control post-prandial glucose elevation

Answer 36

GLP-1 agonist Amylin analogue