Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Hypolipidemic Agents

Question 1

An antiplatelet that is an irreversible COX inhibitor so that arachidonic acid will not form thromboxane
S/E: Hypersensitivity, hepatic encephalopathy and Reye’s syndrome, severe bleeding, NSAID-induced GIT irritation and peptic ulcer

Answer 1

Aspirin

Question 2

GPIIB/IIIA antagonists

Answer 2

Abciximab, Tirofiban, Eptifibatide

Question 3

P2Y12 antagonist

Answer 3

Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine

Question 4

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; it increases cAMP by inhibiting its degradation

Answer 4

Cilostazol
Dipyridamole

Question 5

An anticoagulant drug that inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (IX, X, VII, II)

Answer 5

Warfarin

Question 6

Anticoagulant drugs that are indirect thrombin inhibitor. They do not inhibit thrombin itself but instead, amplifies the actions of the anti-thrombin, specifically anti-thrombin III

Answer 6

Heparin
Fondaparinux

Question 7

Anticoagulant drugs that are direct thrombin inhibitors

Answer 7

Dabigatran
Argatroban
Lepirudin

Question 8

Anticoagulant drugs that are direct Xa inhibitors aka Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs)

Answer 8

Apixaban
Rivaroxaban

Question 9

Fibrinolytic agents that amplify the action of the t-Pa or tissue plasminogen activator

Answer 9

Streptokinase
Urokinase
Reteplase
Alteplase
Tenecteplase

Question 10

Are used to inhibit the rate limiting step in the cholesterol synthesis which is the HMG-COA reductase. It primarily inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol. These drugs work at night so they should be given at night time, OD. They primarily have an effect of LDL lowering

These 2 drugs are under this classification but can be given in the morning because they have long half lives
A/E: Rhabdomyolysis and hepatotoxicity

Answer 10

HMG-COA reductase inhibitors
Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Pitavastatin

Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin

Question 11

Are also known as bile acid-binding resins. These drugs bind to the bile acids in the stomach for it to be excreted in the feces. They primarily have an effect on LDL lowering

Answer 11

Bile acid sequestrants
Cholestyramine, Colestipol

Question 12

These drugs inhibit the absorption of cholesterol. They primarily have an effect on LDL lowering

Answer 12

Inhibitor of intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Stanol esters, Ezetimibe

Question 13

Is a new class of drugs that inhibit the CETP enzyme, therefore inhibiting cholesterol transport

Answer 13

CETP inhibitors
Cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors
Torcetrapib, Anacetrapib

Question 14

This drug inhibits the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. When this enzyme is inhibited, we lose the synthesis of free fatty acids. They have an effect primarily lowering the HDL
S/E: Flushing or cutaneous vasodilation

Answer 14

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Question 15

These drugs activate the PPAR-alpha in the liver wherein the gene expression for the cholesterol synthesis will be decreased. When they activate PPAR-alpha, it inhibits cholesterol synthesis. They have an effect of primarily lowering the triglycerides and the HDL
S/E: Gallstones formation (cholelithiasis), electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hyponatremia but not common), rashes (not common)

Answer 15

Fenofibrate
Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil