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Pharmacology > CNS drugs > Flashcards

CNS drugs Flashcards

1
Q

They are drugs for tonic-clonic and partial seizures

They are drugs for absence seizures

They are drugs for myoclonic seizures

That are back-up and adjunctive drugs for seizures

A

Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, valproic acid

Clonazepam, ethosuximide, valproic acid

Clonazepam, lamotrigine, valproic acid

Levetiracetam, gabapentin, and pregabalin

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2
Q

Drugs for tonic-clonic and partial seizures that are sodium channel blockers (blocks depolarization)

A

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin

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3
Q

A drug for tonic-clonic and partial seizures that is a sodium and calcium channel blocker (decreased depolarization)

A

Lamotrigine

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4
Q

The drug of choice for tonic-clonic and partial seizures that is a sodium channel blocker (decreased depolarization) and enhances potassium channel (enhance repolarization)

A

Valproic acid

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5
Q

The drug of choice for absence seizure that blocks the calcium at the thalamus (depolarization is blocked)

A

Ethosuximide

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6
Q

A back-up drug that is also the DOC for almost all types of seizures. It selectively binds to the synaptic vesicular protein 2A (SV2A) which decreases epileptiform bursts

A

Levetiracetam

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7
Q

Back-up drugs that blocks calcium (decreased depolarization)

A

Gabapentin
Pregabalin

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8
Q

They are a class of drug that increases the frequency of the opening of GABA-mediated Cl channels

A

Benzodiazepines
Diazepam (Valium)
Midazolam (Versed)
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Triazolam (Halcion)

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9
Q

They are not structurally related to benzodiazepines but they have the same MOA

A

Non-benzo benzodiazepines
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Buspirone (BusPar)

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10
Q

A non-benzo benzodiazepine that has hypnotic properties. It has no anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety, and muscle relaxant property

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)

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11
Q

A non-benzo benzodiazepine that has anxiolytic properties. It has no anti-convulsant property

A

Buspirone (BusPar)

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12
Q

They are a class of drugs that increase the duration of the opening of GABA-mediated chloride channels

A

Barbiturates

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13
Q

Ultra short acting barbiturate that is indicated for anesthesia

Short acting barbiturates that is indicated for insomnia

Long acting barbiturates that is indicated for seizures

A

Thiopental (Pentothal)

Amobarbital
Pentobarbital
Secobarbital (Seconal)

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

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14
Q

They are antipsychotics that block the dopamine receptors (D2) in the brain only

This is the most potent antipsychotic in this class that may block both the dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways

They block all dopaminergic pathways (EPS in nigrostriatal, Hyperprolactinemia in tuberoinfundibular)

A

Typical/ classical antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine, fluphenzaine, haloperidol, thioridazine, and trifluoroperazine

Haloperidol

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15
Q

They are antipsychotics that block both dopamine and serotonin receptors

Only the mesolimbic (dopamine) and mesocortical (serotonin) pathways are blocked

AE: weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia

A

Atypical antipsychotics
Clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone

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16
Q

Drug classifications for anti-depressants

A

Amine reuptake blockers
MAO inhibitors
Alpha-2 blockers

17
Q

They are antidepressants that is the major drug that is used clinically. They block the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine to increase their concentration at the neuron synapse

A

Amine reuptake blockers
Nonselective, Serotonin selective (5-HT Selective)

18
Q

They are amine reuptake blockers that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Tricyclics

Heterocyclics

A

Nonselective amine reuptake blockers

Amipramine, imipramine (used for bed-wetting), clomipramine

Bupropion, mirtazapine

19
Q

They are 5-HT selective amine reuptake blockers that inhibit both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. They cause more complicated side effects
SE: orthostatic hypotension, arrythmia, sedation

A

SNRI (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)
Duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine

20
Q

They are 5-HT selective amine reuptake blockers that inhibit serotonin reuptake only. They are the DOC for depression
SE: weight gain, insomnia

A

SSRI (Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors)
Sertraline, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, escitalopram

21
Q

They are antidepressants that inhibits MAO to increase the concentration of monoamines. MAO-A degrades norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, while MAO-B degrades dopamine only

MAO-A selective

Nonselective

MAO-B selective

A

MAO inhibitors

Moclobemide

Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine

Selegiline

22
Q

This is a bipolar drug that is a classic drug. It is the first line drug for bipolar disorder and is available in its carbonate salt. It inhibits NE metabolism and reuptake to decrease the firing of neurons, resolving the manic episode

A

Lithium

23
Q

Newer agents for bipolar

All are anticonvulsants, except for one drug that is antipsychotic

A

Carbamazepine
Clonazepam
Olanzapine
Valproic acid

Olanzapine

24
Q

They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are used in combination. One drug is the prodrug of dopamine, while the other inhibits DOPA decarboxylase to prevent the conversion of this drug to dopamine in the periphery

A

L-DOPA + Carbidopa

25
Q

They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are used in combination. One drug is the prodrug of dopamine, and the others are COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) inhibitors to prevent the conversion of L-DOPA to 3-OMD (useless metabolite)

A

L-DOPA + Entecapone/Tolcapone

26
Q

They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are dopamine agonists that activate dopamine receptors that come from ergot sources

A

Bromocriptine
Pergolide

27
Q

They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are dopamine agonists that activate dopamine receptors that come from non-ergot sources

A

Pramipexole
Ropinirole

28
Q

They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are indirect dopamine agonists that inhibit the degradation of dopamine. Specifically, they are MAO-B inhibitors

A

Selegiline, Rasagiline

29
Q

They are drugs for Parkinson’s disease that are indirect dopamine agonists that inhibit the degradation of dopamine. Specifically, they are COMT inhibitors

A

Tolcapone

30
Q

This is a drug for Parkinson’s disease that increases the release of dopamine from unaffected neuron. It is also an antiviral

A

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

31
Q

This is a drug for Parkinson’s disease that is also a centrally-acting anticholinergic agent. Anticholinergics are given to prevent the release of acetylcholine and promote dopamine release

A

Benztropine (Cogentin)

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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