Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Hypolipidemic Agents Flashcards
An antiplatelet that is an irreversible COX inhibitor so that arachidonic acid will not form thromboxane
S/E: Hypersensitivity, hepatic encephalopathy and Reye’s syndrome, severe bleeding, NSAID-induced GIT irritation and peptic ulcer
Aspirin
GPIIB/IIIA antagonists
Abciximab, Tirofiban, Eptifibatide
P2Y12 antagonist
Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; it increases cAMP by inhibiting its degradation
Cilostazol
Dipyridamole
An anticoagulant drug that inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (IX, X, VII, II)
Warfarin
Anticoagulant drugs that are indirect thrombin inhibitor. They do not inhibit thrombin itself but instead, amplifies the actions of the anti-thrombin, specifically anti-thrombin III
Heparin
Fondaparinux
Anticoagulant drugs that are direct thrombin inhibitors
Dabigatran
Argatroban
Lepirudin
Anticoagulant drugs that are direct Xa inhibitors aka Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs)
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
Fibrinolytic agents that amplify the action of the t-Pa or tissue plasminogen activator
Streptokinase
Urokinase
Reteplase
Alteplase
Tenecteplase
Are used to inhibit the rate limiting step in the cholesterol synthesis which is the HMG-COA reductase. It primarily inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol. These drugs work at night so they should be given at night time, OD. They primarily have an effect of LDL lowering
These 2 drugs are under this classification but can be given in the morning because they have long half lives
A/E: Rhabdomyolysis and hepatotoxicity
HMG-COA reductase inhibitors
Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Pitavastatin
Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin
Are also known as bile acid-binding resins. These drugs bind to the bile acids in the stomach for it to be excreted in the feces. They primarily have an effect on LDL lowering
Bile acid sequestrants
Cholestyramine, Colestipol
These drugs inhibit the absorption of cholesterol. They primarily have an effect on LDL lowering
Inhibitor of intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Stanol esters, Ezetimibe
Is a new class of drugs that inhibit the CETP enzyme, therefore inhibiting cholesterol transport
CETP inhibitors
Cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors
Torcetrapib, Anacetrapib
This drug inhibits the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. When this enzyme is inhibited, we lose the synthesis of free fatty acids. They have an effect primarily lowering the HDL
S/E: Flushing or cutaneous vasodilation
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
These drugs activate the PPAR-alpha in the liver wherein the gene expression for the cholesterol synthesis will be decreased. When they activate PPAR-alpha, it inhibits cholesterol synthesis. They have an effect of primarily lowering the triglycerides and the HDL
S/E: Gallstones formation (cholelithiasis), electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hyponatremia but not common), rashes (not common)
Fenofibrate
Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil