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Geography > Living World (part 1) > Flashcards

Living World (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of plant and animals that interact with each other and their environment.

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2
Q

What is a producer?

A

Organisms that are able to make their own energy through photosynthesis

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3
Q

What is a consumer?

A

Creatures that obtain energy by eating other organisms

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4
Q

What is a decomposed?

A

An organism such as fungus, that breaks down dead tissue

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5
Q

What is a food chain?

A

Connections between different organisms that rely upon one another as their source of food.

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6
Q

What is a food web?

A

A complex hierarchy of plants and animals relying on each other for food.

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7
Q

What is nutrient cycling?

A

A set of processes whereby organisms extract nutrients for growth from soil or water, before passing them on through the food chain.

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8
Q

What type of ecosystem is Frensham Little Pond?

A

Freshwater pond ecosystem

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9
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Living components of an ecosystem

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10
Q

What is an abiotic factor?

A

Non-living components of an ecosystem

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11
Q

Where is Frensham Little Pond located?

A

South of England in Surrey. North east of Winchester and North of Portsmouth.

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12
Q

What does SSSI stand for?

A

Site of special scientific interest

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13
Q

Why is Frensham little pond a SSSI?

A

Home to rare wildlife.
Home to all 6 native reptiles.
25 types of butterflies

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14
Q

What are some producers in Frensham little pond?

A

Algae
Reed mace
Marsh marigold
Water lily

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15
Q

What are some abiotic factors in Frensham little pond?

A

Water
Pond bottom
Mud
Gravel
Air above pond
Sun

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16
Q

What are some consumers in Frensham little pond?

A

King fisher
Ducks
Heron
Frog
Fish

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17
Q

Where do most decomposers live?

A

Pond bottom

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18
Q

What are some decomposers?

A

Rat-tailed maggot
Water worm

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19
Q

What happens to biomass as you go up each level of the food chain?

A

Energy is lost and it decreases

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20
Q

How might energy be lost?

A

Respiration
Movement
Digestion
Heat
Not entire organism is eaten

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21
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large ecosystem

22
Q

What are the 8 biomes in the world?

A

Tropical rainforest
Mediterranean
Deciduous forest
Savanna
Coniferous forest
Temperate grassland
Tundra
Desert

23
Q

What does each biome have its own of?

A

Type of vegetation, climate, soils and wildlife

24
Q

Why do biomes form belts across the world from east to west?

A

Their location is mainly determined by climate. Climate is determined by global atmospheric circulation and factors such as ocean currents and winds. It spreads from the equator in bands stretching form East to West.

25
Q

Where are tropical rainforests located and what are their characteristics?

A

Close to the equator.
High rainfall, high temperatures, ideal conditions for plant growth

26
Q

Where is deciduous forest located and what are its characteristics?

A

50-60° North of equator.
Trees shed leaves in winter to retain moisture, high rainfall, animals adapted to seasons

27
Q

Where is coniferous forest (taiga) located and what are its characteristics?

A

25-50° North and South.
2 main seasons of short summers and long cold winters, thin waxy needles and thick bark.

28
Q

Where is Mediterranean located and what are its characteristics?

A

40-45° North and some isolated areas in South Africa and Western Australia.
Hot sunny dry summers and mild winters, fruit trees

29
Q

Where is temperate grassland located and what are its characteristics?

A

30-40° North and South and inland.
Warm and dry summers and cold winters. Land used for grazing animals.

30
Q

Where is savanna located and what are its characteristics?

A

15-30° North and South.
Distinct wet and dry season, plants adapt to dry periods.

31
Q

Where are deserts located and what are its characteristics?

A

30° North and South.
High day time temperatures, low night temperatures, low rainfall

32
Q

Where is Tundra located and what are its characteristics?

A

60-70° North.
Low growing plants, fragile (easily damaged), oil exploitation.

33
Q

Why is temperature high in tropical rainforests?

A

Because they are found near the equator where the suns rays are direct most of the year. Suns energy is concentrated leading to high temperatures.

34
Q

Why is there high rainfall in tropical rainforests?

A

There is low pressure from rising air. The air cools and condensed to form clouds, these precipitate so there is high rainfall.

35
Q

What are the 5 layers of the rainforest?

A

Emergent
Canopy
Under canopy
Shrub level
Forest floor

36
Q

What is the forest floor like?

A

Cluttered
1-2% of sunlight reaches floor
Poor soil

37
Q

What is the shrub level like?

A

Tall shrubs
Saplings
Dark
Humid
Large leaves

38
Q

What is the lower canopy like?

A

Highest biodiversity
Smaller trees

39
Q

What is the canopy like?

A

Closed roof
Smaller leaves
Smooth bark

40
Q

What is the emergent layer like?

A

Trees emerge randomly
Burning sun and torrential rain showers

41
Q

What is an example of an emergent tree and what are they like?

A

Kapok tree.
Fast growing trees that grow tall to outcompete others to reach sunlight.

42
Q

What is an example of a tree with drip tips and what does it do?

A

Devils ivy.
Shape of leaf allows water to flow off leaf easily.

43
Q

Why are flexible bases to leaves useful?

A

Can turn to face sun and maximise amount of energy they receive.

44
Q

What is an example of a tree with a straight smooth trunk and what benefits does it bring?

A

Tualong tree
Allows water to flow down easily

45
Q

What is an example of a tree with buttress roots and how does it help?

A

Kapok tree
Help support trees height and are channels for water to run off.

46
Q

What are lianas?

A

Creepers that climb up trees to canopy

47
Q

What are epiphytes?

A

Plants that live on branches of others. Maximises sunlight.

48
Q

What is leaching?

A

Nutrients and minerals are washed out of the soils by heavy rainfall.

49
Q

Why do dead plants decompose quickly?

A

There are hot, damp conditions meaning there is rapid decay.

50
Q

What happens to rainforest soils when trees are cut down?

A

There is nothing to intercept the rain and it can be washed away. No roots to provide structure either.

51
Q

What are the adaptations of a sloth?

A

Long curved claws
Can swim
Grooved fur
Can turn neck far

52
Q

What is interdependenance?

A

The dependence of 2 or more species on each other

Geography (16 decks)

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