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Zoology > Ch 34 > Flashcards

Ch 34 Flashcards

1
Q

Incomplete Digestive System

A

Gastrovascular cavity - mouth only, with extracellular digestion

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2
Q

Complete digestive system

A

Alimentary canal - mouth to anus (one way food movement)
Organ specialization - grinding and storage, churning and digestion

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3
Q

Digestive Processes

A

Ingestion (Mechanical)
Digestion (Chemical)
Absorption and Elimination

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4
Q

Oral Cavity

A

The mouth (ingestion)
Salivary gland - lubricates and begins digestion
Lingual lipase released by tongue to break down triglycerides

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5
Q

Mammalian Teeth

A

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars

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6
Q

Swallowing

A

Initiated - voluntary
Reflex - involuntary

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7
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscle tissue - Skeletal (1/3), Smooth (2/3)

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8
Q

Peristalsis

A

rhythmic contraction to move food/bolus through esophagus

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9
Q

Gastroesophageal sphincter

A

connects stomach and esophagus, to prevent stomach content from going back into esophagus

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10
Q

Stomach

A

Holding and churning, acidic breakdown, some absorption of alcohol, aspirin, and H2O

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11
Q

Gastric Juice

A

Exocrine gastric glands
Chyme, Goblet cells. Parietal cells. Chief cells

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12
Q

Chyme

A

gastric juice + digested food

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13
Q

Goblet cells

A

Mucus prevents self digestion of stomach

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14
Q

Parietal cells

A

HCl (ph2)
Intrinsic factor important for vitamin B12 absorption in small intestines

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15
Q

Chief cells

A

Pepsinogen (inactive) into pepsin (active)

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16
Q

Small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Villi
Microvilli

17
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Stomach to small intestine

18
Q

Duodenum

A

Chemical digestion is completed here
Pancreatic juice and biles salts released here

19
Q

Jejunum

A

Absorption of sugars and amino acids

20
Q

Ileum

A

Absorption of vitamins and bile salts

21
Q

Villi

A

Absorption increases surface area

22
Q

Microvilli

A

Cellular extension of villi
Epithelial digestion
Active sites with enzymes

23
Q

Large Intestines

A

Colon (absorption)
Liver (bile pigments and salts)
Gall bladder (holds and concentrates bile)
Bile Salts (emulsifictation of fats)

24
Q

Pancreas

A

Acini (secretory cells)

25
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Major uses - Cell respiration, quick energy
Storage - liver, tubers

26
Q

Proteins

A

Major uses - amino acids, antibodies and hormones, structure, transport
20 common amino acids (9 essential that can only be obtained through diet)

27
Q

Lipids/Fats

A

Major uses - energy reserve, natural insulation, hormones, cell membrane
Essential fatty acids - polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, cholesterol

27
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Polysaccharides - salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase
Proteins - pepsin, trypsin, peptidase
Triglycerides - Bile salts, lipase

28
Q

Obesity

A

Body mass index (BMI)
Causes - behavior, genetic, metabolic

Zoology (21 decks)

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