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Clinical Chemistry II > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

The specific protein for the transport of copper present in plasma is:

A

Ceruplasmin

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2
Q

The bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio is calculated from an equation by:

A

Henderson-Hasselbalch

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3
Q

Zinc protoporphyrin or free erythrocyte protoporphyrin measurement are useful to assess blood concentrations of:

A

Lead

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4
Q

Specimens for blood gas determination should be drawn into a syringe containing:

A

Heparin

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5
Q

Valinomycin enhances the selectivity of the electrode used to quantitate:

A

Potassium

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6
Q

Which of the following parameters using ISE does not require a glass membrane (oxides of Si, Al and Na)

A

Chloride

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7
Q

Which vitamin is required for the normal absorption of dietary calcium:

A

Vitamin D

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8
Q

When determining blood pH, CO2 and O2 concentrations, the best sample is:

A

Arterial blood

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9
Q

The normal serum osmolality is approximately within:

A

280 – 300 mOsm/kg

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10
Q

The metal deficient in hypochromic microcytic anemia that forms a complex with TPTZ (sulfonated bathophenanthroline 2,4,6- tripyridyl-S-triazine) is

A

Iron

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11
Q

Which analyte cannot be measured using AAS?

A

Iodide

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12
Q

The cofactor needed in the catalyzed reaction by hexokinase is

A

Magnesium

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13
Q

Reactions in renal tubular cells which contribute to acid-base balance include all, except
a. Ammonia production from glutamine
b. Bicarbonate production form the carbonic anhydrase reaction
c. Exchange for Na+ in tubular filtrate for H+ in extracellular fluid
d. Reabsorption of H2O due to stimulation by antidiuretic hormone

A

D

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14
Q

.In ketoacidosis, the blood pH would most likely be affected in what way?

A

Decreased

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15
Q

The sum of carbonic acid and bicarbonate in plasma is referred to as

A

Total carbon dioxide

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16
Q

If a blood gas specimen is left exposed to air, which of the following changes occur?

A

PO2 and pH increase; PCO2 decreases

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17
Q

How would blood gas parameters change if a sealed specimen is left at room temperature for 2 or more hours?

A

PO2 decreases, pH decreases, PCO2 increases

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18
Q

The bicarbonate ion concentration may be calculated from the total CO2 and PCO2 blood levels by using which of the following formulas?

A

total CO2 – (0.03 x PCO2)

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19
Q

Blood gases are drawn with the following results:
pH=7.49
PCO2 =59mmHg
HCO3- =38mM
What do these data indicate?

A

metabolicalkalosis,partiallycompensated

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20
Q

Blood gases are drawn with the following results:
pH=7.29 PCO2 =50mmHg HCO3- =25mM
What do these data indicate?

A

respiratory acidosis, uncompensated

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21
Q

Blood gases are drawn with the following results:
pH=7.25 PCO2 =56mmHg HCO3- =16mM
What do these data indicate?

A

Dual problem of acidosis

22
Q

Blood gases are drawn with the following results:
pH=7.58 PCO2 =55mmHg HCO3- =18mM
What do these data indicate?

A

error in one of the blood gas measurements

23
Q

The buffering capacity of blood is maintained by a reversible exchange process between bicarbonate and:

A

Chloride

24
Q

At blood pH 7.40 what is the ratio between bicarbonate and carbonic acid?

A

20:1

25
Q

The bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio is calculated from an equation by:

A

Henderson – Hasselbalch

26
Q

Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 content due to changes in:

A

Bicarbonate buffer

27
Q

A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is:

A

Hyperventilation

28
Q

Metabolic acidosis is describe as a (n):
A. Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH B. DecreaseinCO2contentwithanincreasedpH
C. Increase in CO2 with an increased pH
D. Decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH

A

D

29
Q

Respiratory acidosis is described as an a (n):
A. Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH
B. Decrease in CO2 content with an increased pH
C. Increase in CO2 content with an increased pH
D. Decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with decreased pH

A

A

30
Q

Normally the bicarbonate concentration is about 24 mEq/L and the carbonic acid concentration is about 1.2:pK = 6.1. Using the equation pH = pK + log [salt]/[acid], calculate the pH.

A

7.40

31
Q

The normal range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37oC is:

A

7.35-7.45

32
Q

Unless blood gas measurement are made immediately after sampling, in vitro glycolysis of the blood causes a:

A

Fall in pH and a rise in PCO2

33
Q

A person suspected of having metabolic alkalosis would have which of the following laboratory findings?

A

CO2 cotent and pH elevated

34
Q

If the pKa is 6.1, the CO2 content is 25 mmol/L, the salt equals the total CO2 content minus the carbonic acid, the carbonic acid equals 0.03 x PCO2 and PCO2 is 40mm Hg, it may be concluded that:

A

pH=6.1 + log[)25-1.2)/(1.2)]

35
Q

A patient is admitted to the emergency room in a state of metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis?

A

high PCO2, increased HCO3

36
Q

In respiratory acidosis, a compensatory mechanism is the increased in

A

plasma bicarbonate concentration

37
Q

A blood gas sample was sent to the lab on ice, and a bubble was present in the syringe. The blood had been exposed to room air for at least 30 minutes. The following change in blood gases occurred:

A

PO2 increased/HCO3 – decreased

38
Q

An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in what state?

A

Respiratory acidosis

39
Q

The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match:

A

Metabolic acidosis

40
Q

Severe diarrhea causes

A

Metabolic acidosis

41
Q

Absorption of vitamin B12 requires the presence of

A

Intrinsic factor

42
Q

Most automated blood gas analyzers directly measure:

A

pH, PCO2, and PO2

43
Q

pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels
decreased, decreased, decreased

A

metabolic acidosis, compensated

44
Q

pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels

decreased, increased, decreased

A

respiratory and metabolic acidosis

45
Q

pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels
Increased, decreased, decreased

A

respiratory alkalosis, compensated

46
Q

pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels
increased, increased, decrease

A

instrumental error

47
Q

pH, pCO2, HCO3- Levels

decreased, increased, increased

A

None of the above

48
Q

AAS

A

Copper
Manganese
Magnesium
Iron
Molybdenum
Selenium
Cobalt
Zinc

49
Q

Amperometric

A

Chloride
Po2

50
Q

ISE

A

Chloride
Iodide
Sodium
Ammonium
pH
Bicarbonate
Potassium
Flouride

Clinical Chemistry II (45 decks)

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