Industrial Hygiene Flashcards
What is industrial hygiene?
-Science and art devoted to anticipation, recognition evaluation, and control of those environmental factors and stresses arising in or from the workplace
-hazards you cannot see (noise, viruses, etc)
What do industrial hygienist look at?
-Health issues rather than just safety
-Illnesses rather than just injuries
solve problems you can’t see
Who was the father of industrial hygiene?
-Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714)
-father of industrial hygiene
-He associated diseases with various occupations
What are industrial hazard in the workplace?
-Chemical hazards
-Physical hazards
-Biological hazards
-Ergonomic hazards
What are chemical hazards?
-Gases vapors, dust, fumes, and smoke
What are physical hazards?
-non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures, and pressures
What are biological hazards?
-insects, mold, yeast, fungi, bacteria, and viruses
What are ergonomic hazards?
-workstation design, repetitive motion, improper, lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions
What are examples of airborne contaminants?
-Dusts -Particulate – mechanical
-Smoke -Particulate/gas/vapor - combustion
-Fumes -particulate –volatilized metal
-Mists -tiny water droplets
-Vapors -Evaporative of liquid
-Gases -formless stuff
-Aerosols -Atomized particulate
What is the entry of toxicity?
– Inhalation
– Absorption
– ingestion
– Injection
What does toxicity depend on?
– The type of substance
– The amount (dose) absorbed
– The period of time over which it is absorbed
– this susceptibility/sensitivity of the person exposed
What are key terminologies in industrial hygiene?
Narcotics & anesthetics
-CNS inhibitors
-acetone, MEK, ether, chloroform
Carcinogens
-causes malignant, tumors or neoplastic growth
-Coal tar pitch, creosote oil, arsenic, chromium, nickel compound benzene
-Respiratory hazard – asbestosis (ACM)
-friable– easily crumbled in the hand
-Insulation, building products
What are different measurement straggles for industrial hygiene?
– Air sampling
– gas/vapor/fumes-gas detector, Drager pump
– Dust-suction pump
– Noise sampling
– Noise level- dosimeter, SLM
– Temperature
– Heat - WGBT, hydrothermometer
– Anthropometric
– Lightning - Lux meter
What is the permissible exposure limit (PEL)?
permissible exposure limit set by OSHA
What is the American conference of governmental industrial hygienists (ACHIH)
-made significant contributions to chemical exposure standards -Publishes threshold limit values (TLV)
-Often these TLV’s lead to OSHA permissible exposure limits (PEL)