Hearing, Smell, Taste- Taste Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 tastants?

A
  • salty
  • sour
  • sweet
  • bitter
  • umami
  • each has its own receptor, so 5 taste receptors
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2
Q

What are clusters of taste receptor cells?

A
  • taste buds
  • clusters of 50-150 taste receptor cells
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3
Q

Where are taste buds located?

A
  • located on sides of taste pores between papillae (bumps)
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4
Q

Papillae are specialized for specific tastants: T/F

A

false- they are not specialized for specific tasants

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5
Q

Where are circumvallate papillae located?

A

back of tung

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6
Q

where are foliate papillae located?

A

along the sides of the tongue

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7
Q

Where are fungiform papillae located?

A

in the front of the tongue

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8
Q

Are taste cells neurons?

A
  • no
  • do not have action potentials
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9
Q

How often are taste cells replaced?

A

every 10-14 days

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10
Q

Taste transduction

A
  • receptors o cillia are bound by tastants
  • receptor activation produces receptor potentials (like EPSPs)
  • Instead of an action potential, receptor potential releases neurotransmitter onto Glassopharyngeal cranial nerve
  • Thalamus, then cortex
  • there is a gustatopic map in cortex
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11
Q

Salty

A

Na+ ions flow through open ion channels in the taste cell membrane, causing depolarization

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12
Q

Sour

A
  • we perceive acidic solutions as sour (acid=high concentration of H+)
  • Acid sensitive K+ ion channels are blocked, preventing K+ leaving the cell and leading to depolarization
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13
Q

Sweet

A
  • Sugars bind to TIR2 and TIR3 receptors, causing them to join (dimerize)
  • Tastant binding to receptor -> activation of G-protein ->second messengers->Ca+2 flow into cell ->receptor potential -> NT release
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14
Q

umami

A
  • amino acid receptor (mostly activated by L-glutamate and monosodium glutamate)
  • g-protein coupled metabotropic-like receptor; heterodimer of TIR1 and TIR3
  • Tastant binding to receptor->activation of G-protein->second messengers->Ca+2 flow into cell -> receptor potential ->NT release
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15
Q

Bitter

A
  • T2R receptors: G-protein coupled metabotropic-like receptors
  • Tastant binding to receptor->activation of G-protein->second messengers->Ca2+ flow into cell ->receptor potential-> NT release
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16
Q

How many types of bitter receptors?

A

around 30 types of T2R receptors, so we can percieve many bitter flavors

17
Q

Which cranial nerve is a part of taste transduction?

A

glassopharyngeal cranial nerve