Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc 362- Behavioral Neuroscience > Chapter 5- Neurohormones > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Neurohormones Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

What are hormones and what do they affect?

A
  • Hormones are chemical signals secreted by specialized cells (ex. glands)
  • They travel widely (often through bloodstream) to act on specific receptors
  • Hormones affect our reproductive behavior, feeding + drinking, stress + emotion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocrine vs exocrine glands

A
  • Endocrine glands release hormones within the body
  • Exocrine glands use ducts to secrete fluid/hormones such as tears and sweat outside the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of glands does the NS have?

A

The nervous system contains endocrine glands and is the target of endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do hormones communicate?

A

-Endocrine
-Paracrine
-Autocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does endocrine communication work?

A

A hormone is rleased into the bloodstream to act on target cells/organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does paracrine communication work?

A

A released chemical diffuses to nearby target cells with no synapse/action potential involved
- gets secreted and then floats around in the near vicinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does autocrine communication work?

A

A released chemical acts on the cell that released it (secretion and target cell are the same)
-important for cell regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Very long distance hormonal communication

A
  • pheromone communication: hormones between individuals of the same species (dogs smelling where a teritory was marked)… some attractive/repellant
  • Allomone communication: hormonal communication across species (ex. bee and flower)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

General principles of hormone action

A
  • Hormones are released widely (effects determined by where receptors are located, each organ may respond differently; organ target affects hormone effect)
  • hormonal signals can be slow, seconds to hours
  • Hormonal effects can be gradual and last up to weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do hormones affect behavior?

A
  • Hormones modulate behavior, but don’t usually initiate/terminate it
  • Behavior can alter hormone release (traveling to a different time zone affects melatonin production)
  • Hormone levels cycle over day, month, lifetime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Similarities between neurotransmitters and hormones

A
  • Both systems synthesize, store, and release chemical signals
  • Both use specific receptors, often with intracellular biochemical pathways
  • Both systems can affect behavior (and behavior will affect these systems)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Differences between hormones and neurotransmitters

A
  • NT travels to precise destinations bc neurons are connected via synapses
  • Hormones spread throughout the body, but only act on cells with correct receptor
  • Hormonal messages are slower
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Some chemicals can be both hormones and neurotransmitters?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can neurons initiate endocrine signals?

A
  • Neuroendocrine (aka neurosecretory) cells are neurons that release hormones into the blood in response to action potential
  • The hormone crosses the blood-brain barrier, flowing until it affects the target cell (which can be located in the brain or somewhere else in the body)

neuroendocrine cells are found in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What three types of chemicals serve as hormones?

A
  • Peptide hormones
  • Amine hormones
  • Steroid hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are peptide hormones?

A
  • string of amino acids

aka protein hormone

ex. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

17
Q

What are amine hormones?

A

modified amino acids- ends will be slightly different (ex. have an extra COOH group)

aka monomine hormones

Ex. Thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine) and norepinephrine

18
Q

What are steroid hormones?

A
  • 4 rings of carbon atoms (made from cholesterol)

Ex. stradiol

19
Q

What type of receptors do hormones bind to?

A
  • metabotropic
  • or nuclear
20
Q

What do peptide and amine hormones bind to?

A
  • Metabotropic (work through second messenger system, coupled to g-proteins)
  • Structurally: have 7 transmembrane proteins joined together that transverse the phsopholipid bilayer
  • Binding site outside of the cell is bound to the g-protein inside the cell
  • Can take seconds to minutes to take effect
  • ex. cAMP, IP3, DAG
21
Q

What do steroid and neurosteroids bind to?

A
  • nuclear receptors (found inside the cell often on the nucleus… hormone diffuses through membrane first)
  • Bind to transcription factor (genetic info)
  • Take a very long time to take effect
22
Q

What are negative feedback loops and how do they work? (regulation/inhibition)

A
  • Detect, evaluate, and regulate hormone levels and biological effects
  • hormone is steadily released
  • only if enough hormone was released, does the negative feedback signal get sent
  • multiple levels of hormone release, multiple levels of negative feedback
23
Q

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

A
  • Hypothalamus: neuroendocrine cells secrete “releasing hormones”
  • Pituitary gland: secretes “tropic hormones”
  • Anterior pituitary:
  • Posterior pituitary: Oxyocin and Vasopressin
  • Endocrine glands (adrenal gland, thyroid, etc) secretes hormones targeting specific cells/organs
24
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland

A
  • neurons of the hypothalamus release peptide hormones into bloodstream of the posterior pituitary gland
  • Oxytocin: social bond formation between parents/offspring and sexual partners… reproductive physiology, uterine contraction, and lactation
  • Vasopressin: thirst/water regulation, increases blood pressure and inhibits urine formation
  • This hormone release is action potential dependent
25
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland

A
  • Hypothalamic neurons synthesize releasing hormones into median eminence blood vessels called the hypophyseal portal system (web of vessels)
  • Releasing hormones are carried to the antierior pituitary
  • Anterior pituitary releases tropic hormones into blood stream
  • Tropic hormones spread throughout the body
26
Q

HPA Axis

A
  • HPA= hypothalamus- Pituitary- Adrenal
  • The adrenal cortex/adrenal gland secretes steroids, including glucocorticoids
  • Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone that prepares the body to deal with stress
27
Q

What does cortisol do that prepares the body to deal with stress?

A
  • Increases blood glucose
  • Promotes metabolism
  • Suppresses inflammation
28
Q

The nervous system is an endocrine gland t/f

A

T

29
Q

The NS is the target of endocrine glands T/F

A

T

Psyc 362- Behavioral Neuroscience (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions