Oral Surgery - Instruments

Question 1

What are indications for extraction? (8)

Answer 1

Gross caries/unrestorable

advanced perio

tooth and root fracture

severe surface loss

pulpal necrosis

apical infection

impacted wisdom teeth

for orthodontics

Question 2

What are elevators used for?

Answer 2

used before forceps to loosen and widen the PDL

Question 3

Name types of elevators

Answer 3

Couplands - no.2 & 3 (separate)

Cryers - left & right (come together)

Warwick James - left, right & straight (come together)

Question 4

When are cryers elevators commonly used? (2)

Answer 4

Between the root furcations of molars

removing roots

Question 5

When are Warwick James elevators used?

Answer 5

to loosen and widen PDL of wisdom teeth

Question 6

What jaw are straight Warwick James elevators used in?

Answer 6

lower jaw

Question 7

What jaw are right Warwick James elevators used in?

Answer 7

upper jaw

Question 8

What jaw are left Warwick James elevators used in?

Answer 8

upper jaw

Question 9

List the types of forceps used in the upper jaw. (7)

Answer 9

straight upper anterior

upper universal

upper molar - right
upper molar - left

upper root

upper bayonet 3rd molar
upper bayonet 3rd molar root

Question 10

List the types of forceps used in the lower jaw. (4)

Answer 10

lower universal

lower molar

lower root

cowherd forceps

Question 11

How do you differentiate between the upper straight and the upper universal forceps?

Answer 11

They both have the same tip;

the upper straight handle touches the table when placed flat

the upper universal handle is curved when placed flat

Question 12

What teeth are extracted with the upper universal forceps?

Answer 12

The upper canines and premolars

Question 13

Describe the tip of the upper molar forceps.

Answer 13

One side has a beak which engages between the 2 buccal roots

one side has a concave surface to grasp the palatal root

Question 14

Describe the tip of the upper molar forceps.

Answer 14

“beak to cheek”

One side has a beak which engages between the 2 buccal roots

one side has a concave surface to grasp the palate; root

Question 15

What is unique to all lower forceps?

Answer 15

the tip is @ a 90 degree angle to the handle

Question 16

What teeth are extracted with the lower universal forceps?

Answer 16

35 to 45

Question 17

describe the tip of the lower molar forceps.

Answer 17

has two pointed beaks to engage the furcation between the mesial and the distal root

can be used on the right and left side

Question 18

What is unique about the way the cowhorn forceps work?

Answer 18

You engage the 2 beaks into the furcation and squeeze to elevate the tooth
- activated by the squeeze not the wrist movement

Question 19

What is the limitation of the cowhorn

Answer 19

If the forceps aren’t seated properly they can crush the crown

Question 20

Why are the tips of the upper bayonet 3rd molar forceps not pointed?

Answer 20

3rd molars have unpredictable root pattern

Question 21

What technique do you use to tell the left and right Cryer/Warwick James elevators apart?

Answer 21

Hold both the left and right elevators in your hand

have the tips of the elevators pointing in @ each other

if the concave surfaces of the tips are facing up = correct orientation

Question 22

Name what technique(S) is used with a COUPLANDS elevator and describe it. (10)

Answer 22

LEVER

Place thumb and finger on either side of the alveolar bone to support

Use instrument on buccal side of tooth

place coupland as far down the root on the buccal aspect as possible - not interdentally- on the mesial or distal surface with the concave surface facing the tooth you want to elevate

turn the instrument up the way ensuring that the sharp corner at the bottom engages either the medial or distal surface of the tooth and raises it

WEDGE
Place thumb and index finger on either side of the alveolar bone to support it

use instrument buccally

start from mesial aspect to distal

‘wedge’ the tip of the elevator down the PDL and move from side to side

Question 23

Name what technique is used with a WARWICK JAMES elevator and describe it. (5)

Answer 23

WEDGE

Place thumb and index finger on either side of the alveolar bone to support it

use instrument buccally

start from mesial aspect to distal

‘wedge’ the tip of the elevator down the PDL and move from side to side

Question 24

Describe the role of a luxator

Answer 24

To sever and tear the PDL

Question 25

Describe how to differentiate a luxator from a Couplands

Answer 25

Luxator = rounded edge (spoon shape)

Couplands = Sharp pointed edge