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GWA (After Latin A.) > GWA Middle East Test Prt. 2 > Flashcards

GWA Middle East Test Prt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Atum (U = oo)

A

Creator God (Spit & created the Earth)

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2
Q

Geb

A

God of the Earth

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3
Q

Nut

A

Sky Goddess

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4
Q

Amun Re (A-maan Ray)

A

Sun God

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5
Q

Mut

A

Mother Goddess (of all living things)

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6
Q

Khonsu

A

Moon God

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7
Q

How many children did Geb & Nut have

A

5

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8
Q

Osiris

A
  • God of the Underworld
  • Judge of the Dead
  • Origin: God of Vegetation
  • Was killed by his Jealous brother
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9
Q

Isis

A

Queen of Gods

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10
Q

Who was the child of Osiris & Isis

A

Horus

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11
Q

Horus

A
  • God of the Sky & Light
  • Protector of Pharaohs
  • Gets vengeance by banishing his uncle who killed his father
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12
Q

Set (Seth)

A
  • Killed Osiris
  • Was banished to wasteland
  • God of Storms / Violence, Desert / Wasteland
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13
Q

Nephthys (Nef-is)

A

Goddess of Mourning

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14
Q

Who was the child of Set & Nephthys

A

Anubis

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15
Q

Anubis

A

God of Embalming

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16
Q

Ma’at

A
  • Goddess of Truth & Justice
  • Weighs with a feather (on top of her head)
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17
Q

Hathor (Hey-thor)

A

Goddess of Love & Joy (Venus/Aphrodite)

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18
Q

Bes

A

Protector of Women & Children (Pictured as a dwarf)

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19
Q

What was the Egyptian writing system

A

Hieroglyphics

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20
Q

What stone did Napoleon (His soldiers) discover

A

Rosetta Stone (in Rosetta)

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21
Q

Why is Hieroglyphics more difficult compared to other languages

A

Can be read in different directions

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22
Q

Who deciphered Hieroglyphics

A

Jean Francois Champollion

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23
Q

How do Hieroglyphics work

A
  • Read in the direction the animals are facing
  • Only write the letters pronounced
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24
Q

What was the civilization of Hittites (Hit-tights)

A

Location: Turkey & Syria (1650 - 1190 B.C)
Accomplishments: 1st to use Iron weapons

25
Q

What was the civilization of Phoenicians (Fin-esh-ins)

A

Location: Lebanon (1500 - 539 B.C)
Accomplishments: 1st to have an alphabet

26
Q

What was the civilization of Babylonians (Bab-alone-ians)

A

Location: Iraq ( 626 - 539 B.C)
Accomplishments: 2nd wonder of the world: Hanging Gardens of Babylon

27
Q

What was the civilization of Lydians

A

Location: Turkey (1200 - 560 B.C)
Accomplishments: 1st to develop a money system (1st coins)

28
Q

What was the civilization of Assyrians

A

Location: Northern Iraq (1500 B.C - 600 B.C)
Accomplishments: Built the 1st library (“Great Library”)

29
Q

What was the civilization of Persians

A

Location: Middle East (530 B.C - 651 A.D)
Accomplishments: Great Royal road = 1st postal service
- 1st to develop a monotheistic religion (Zoroastrianism)

30
Q

Who was “Mazda” in Zoroastrianism

A

Wise Spirit

31
Q

Who was Ahriman in Zoroastrianism

A

Evil Spirit

32
Q

What are some of the famous Egyptian rulers

A

King Tut, Cleopatra, Narmer / Menes (1st pharaoh), Khufu (4th)

33
Q

Who was the most important Egyptian God

A

Amon / Ra (Sun God)

34
Q

What was the central part of Egyptian religion

A

Afterlife

35
Q

Where were commoners buried

A

Sand

36
Q

Where were royalty buried

A

Tombs

37
Q

What were tombs also called

A

Mastabas

38
Q

How long did the embalming process take

A

70 Days

39
Q

What was step 1. of the embalming process

A

Body is cleansed with water from the Nile and palm wine

40
Q

What was the nickname for the Nile

A

“Giver of Life”

41
Q

What was step 2. of the embalming process

A

Organs were removed, wrapped in linen to be placed in jars

42
Q

What were the jars that the organs of Egyptians placed in

A

Canopic Jars

43
Q

Which organs were placed in Canopic jars

A

Stomach, Intestines, Lungs, & Liver

44
Q

What happened to the Heart during mummification

A

It was wrapped in linen and placed back in the body

45
Q

What happened to the Brain during mummification

A

It was destroyed through the nasal cavity

46
Q

What was step 3. of the embalming process

A

The body is stuffed with leaves and sawdust & sits for 30 days

47
Q

What was the purpose of step. 3 of mumification

A

Try to fully dry out the body

48
Q

What was step 4. of the embalming process

A

The body is again cleansed with water from the Nile again

49
Q

What was step 5. of the embalming process

A

The body is covered with Natron (a desiccant) & sits for 15 days

50
Q

What was step 6. of the embalming process

A

After cleansing the body again it is then wrapped with linen

51
Q

What was step 7. of the embalming process

A

The body is placed in a sarcophagus (decorated to look like the deceased)

52
Q

What was step 8. of the embalming process

A

After the 70 days a funeral procession is held with ceremonies staring with opening of the mouth

53
Q

What was the “opening of the mouth”

A

A way of giving offering to the spirits of the body

54
Q

What 2 spirits/souls did the Egyptians believe in upon Death

A
  1. Ka - Spirit that remains w/ the body
  2. Ba - Wandering spirits
55
Q

What was the “False Door”

A

“Ka doors”: allowed the Ka to pass through them

56
Q

What was the “Serdab”

A

Small statue of the dead to represent who they are the spirit of

57
Q

What was the “Book of the Dead”

A

Guide book to the after life

58
Q

Why were there treasures kept in the tomb

A

Any prized possessions they wanted to take w/ them to the after life

GWA (After Latin A.) (47 decks)

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