Chapter 12 Motivation in Learning and Teaching

Question 1

An internal state that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

A complete lack of any intent to act-no engagement at all

Answer 2

Amotivation

Question 3

Motivation associated with activities that are their own reward

Answer 3

Intrinsic motivation

Question 4

Motivation created by external factors such as reward or punishments

Answer 4

Extrinsic motivation

Question 5

The location-internal or external-of the cause of behavior

Answer 5

Locus of Control

Question 6

Maslow’s model of seven levels of human needs, from basic physiological requirement to the need for self-acutalization

Answer 6

Hierarchy of needs

Question 7

Self-acutalization

Answer 7

Fulfilling one’s potential

Question 8

Maslow’s four lower-level needs, which must be satisfied first before higher-level needs can be addressed

Answer 8

Deficiency needs

Question 9

Maslow’s three higher-level needs, sometimes called growth needs

Answer 9

Being needs

Question 10

The individual’s need to demonstrate ability or mastery over the tasks at hand

Answer 10

Need for competence

Question 11

The desire to have our own wishes, rather than external rewards or pressures, determine our actions

Answer 11

Need for Autonomy

Question 12

The desire to belong and to establish close emotional bonds and attachments with others who care about us

Answer 12

Need for Relatedness

Question 13

Suggests that events affect motivation through the individual’s perception of the events as controlling behavior or providing information

Answer 13

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Question 14

Goal Orientation

Answer 14

Patterns of beliefs about goals related to achievement in school

Question 15

A personal goal intention to improve abilities and learn, no matter how performance suffers

Answer 15

Master goal

Question 16

A personal intention to seem competent or perform well in the eyes of others

Answer 16

Performance goal

Question 17

Students who don’t want to learn or look smart, but just want to avoid work

Answer 17

Workk-avoidant learners

Question 18

A wide variety of needs and motives to be connected to others or part of a group

Answer 18

Social goals

Question 19

Explanations of motivation that emphasize individuals’ expectations for success combined with their valuing of the goal

Answer 19

Expectancy x Value Theories

Question 20

An individual’s belief about the extent to which a task or assignment is generally useful, enjoyable, or otherwise important

Answer 20

Value

Question 21

The importance of doing well on a task; how success on the tasks meets personal needs

Answer 21

Importance of attainment value

Question 22

Interest or intrinsic value

Answer 22

The enjoyment a person gets from a task

Question 23

The contribution of a task to meeting one’s goals

Answer 23

Utility value

Question 24

Descriptions of how individuals’ explanations, justifications, and excuses influence their motivation and behavior

Answer 24

Attribution Theories

Question 25

A person’s sense of being able to deal effectively with a particular task. Beliefs about personal competence in a particular situation

Answer 25

Self-efficacy

Question 26

Beliefs about the structure, stability, and certainty of knowledge, and how knowledge is best learned

Answer 26

Epistemological beliefs

Question 27

A personally held belief that abilities are stable, uncontrollable, set traits

Answer 27

Fixed mindset

Question 28

A personally held belief that abilities are unstable, controllable, and improvable

Answer 28

Growth mindset

Question 29

The expectation, based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all of one’s efforts will lead to failure

Answer 29

Learned helplessness

Question 30

Students who focus on learning goals because they value achievement and see ability as improvable

Answer 30

Mastery-oriented students

Question 31

Students who avoid failure by sticking to what they know, by not taking risks, or by claiming not to care about their performance

Answer 31

Failure-avoiding students

Question 32

Students may engage in behavior that blocks their own success in order to avoid testing their true ability

Answer 32

Self-handicapping

Question 33

Students who believe their failures are due to low ability and there is little they can do about it

Answer 33

Failure-accepting students

Question 34

A mental state in which you are fully immersed in a challenging task that is accompanied by high levels of concentration and involvement

Answer 34

Flow

Question 35

There interrelated factors-physiological responses, behaviors, and feelings that produce and affective response to a situation

Answer 35

Emotions

Question 36

Anxiety

Answer 36

General uneasiness, a feeling of tension

Question 37

The tendency to find academic activities meaningful and worthwhile and to try to benefit from them

Answer 37

Motivation to learn

Question 38

The work the student must accomplish, including the product expected, resources available, and the mental operations required

Answer 38

Academic Tasks

Question 39

Tasks that have some connection to real-life problems the students face outside the classroom

Answer 39

Authentic task

Question 40

Students are confronted with a problem that launches their inquiry as they collaborate to find solutions and learn valuable information and skills in the process

Answer 40

Problem-based learning

Question 41

The way students relate to others who are also working toward a particular goal

Answer 41

Goal Structure