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Educational Psychology > Chapter 4 Learner Differences & Learning Needs > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Learner Differences & Learning Needs Flashcards

Learner Differences and Learning Needs

1
Q

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A

Annually revised program for an exceptional student

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2
Q

Section 504

A

A part of civil rights law that prevents discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal funds, such as public schools

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3
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

A

Federal Legislation prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, transportation, public access, local government, and telecommunications

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4
Q

Learning Disability

A

Problems with the acquisition and use of language; may show up as difficulty with reading, writing, reasoning, or math

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5
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

The expectation, based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all of one’s efforts will lead to failure

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6
Q

What communication disorder has the inability to produce sounds effectively for speaking

A

Speech Disorder

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7
Q

Which language disorder is characterized by disruptions in the production of speech sounds, commonly called stuttering

A

Fluency Disorder

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8
Q

This communication disorder has a variety of pronunciation difficulties, such as the substitution, distraction, or omission of sounds

A

Articulation Disorders

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9
Q

This communication disorder makes it difficult for a child to have appropriate pitch, quality, loudness, or intonation

A

Voicing Problems

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10
Q

What disorder involves behaviors or emotions that deviate so much from the norm that they interfere with the child’s growth and development and/or the lives of others

A

Behavioral and Emotional Disorders

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11
Q

What is defined as significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive social behavior, evident before age 18

A

Intellectual Disabilities/Mental Retardation

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12
Q

What program is set up to gradually prepare students with special needs to move from high school into further education or training, employment, or community involvement

A

Transition Program

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13
Q

A child struggling with verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, usually before age 3 potentially has what disorder

A

Autism/Austim Spectrum Disorder

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14
Q

Sara is demonstrating outstanding aptitude and competencies in one or more of many domains. She could be placed in what program at school?

A

Gifted and Talented

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15
Q

The Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) is what?

A

Educating each child with peers in the general education classroom to the greatest extent possible

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16
Q

Teaching children with disabilities in regular classes for part or all of their school day

A

Mainstreaming

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16
Q

A child with special needs who has been integrated is doing what?

A

Fitting into an existing class structure

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17
Q

The integration of all students, including those with severe disabilities, into regular classes is considered what

A

Inclusion

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18
Q

What does an Individualized education program (IEP) detail

A

achievement level, goals, and strategies, drawn up by teachers, parents, specialists, and the student

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19
Q

What amendment guarantees a free public education to all children regardless of disability

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

20
Q

Learning style is defined as what?

A

The way a person approaches learning and studying

21
Q

Joss likes to study with other people and finds she remembers best if she draws a picture about the topic Joss is showing what?

A

A learning preference

22
Q

In the meeting, everyone was throwing out ideas without any thought to evaluate them. What kind of meeting is this?

A

Brainstorming

23
Q

What is restructuring?

A

Conceiving of a problem in a new or different way

24
Q

Billy was asked to show up to work with an idea to solve the marketing problem. He showed up with eight different ways to solve the problems what type of thinking is Billy demonstrating?

A

Divergent

25
Q

What are the three aspects of divergent thinking?

A

Originality, fluency, and flexibility

26
Q

Byron can always pass multiple choice tests even if he doesn’t know the subject very well. What type of thinker is he?

A

Convergent

27
Q

What requires extensive knowledge, flexibility, and the continual reorganizing of ideas as we as motivation and persistence.

A

Creativity

28
Q

Lauren was tested on her reading abilities and was able to read books that most 10-year-olds can but she is only 7 years old. This test showed she has a ________________ of 10 years old.

A

Mental Age

29
Q

Formula for Intelligent Quotient

A

Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100

30
Q

Deviation IQ

A

Score based on a statistical comparison of an individual’s performance with the average performance of others in that age group

31
Q

The Flynn effect shows that IQ test scores are steadily rising due to what four factors

A

better health, smaller families, increased complexity in the environment, and better schooling

32
Q

What theory is a cognitive approach to understanding intelligence that focuses on the skills needed to be successful?

A

Triarchic theory of successful intelligence

33
Q

What three skills are required for successful intelligence

A

analytic, creative, and practical

34
Q

Which skill requires evaluating, analyzing, judging, comparing, and contrasting to deal with relatively familiar problems?

A

Analytic Skills

35
Q

Creative skills are necessary to cope successfully with new experiences in what two ways?

A

Insight and automaticity

36
Q

The phrase “thinking outside the box” refers to what skill

A

Insight

37
Q

Carl has been driving for 10 years. One day on his way to work the truck in front of him blew a tire. Without having to think about it Carl knew he could swerve to the left lane because no one was in that lane. What skill is he showing?

A

Automaticity

38
Q

Name the eight intelligences of Gardners theory of Multiple Intelligence

A

Mathematical-Logical, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist, Linguistic, Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic,

39
Q

General Intelligence (g)

A

A general factor in cognitive ability that is related in varying degrees to performance on all mental tests

40
Q

What are the mental efficiency, and nonverbal abilities grounded in brain development?

A

Fluid Intelligence

41
Q

What is fluid intelligence sensitive to?

A

Injuries, disease, and neurological systems

42
Q

What is the ability to apply culturally approved problem-solving methods?

A

Crystallized Intelligence

43
Q

Crystallized intelligence can increase throughout the lifespan because?

A

It includes learned skills and knowledge

44
Q

When Sam’s teacher referred to him as hard of hearing Sam asked the teacher to refer to him as deaf. Sam is proud to identify as deaf. What is this called?

A

Identity-first reference

45
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability or abilities to acquire and use knowledge for solving problems and adapting to the world

46
Q

The inability to do something specific such as walk or hear

A

Disability

47
Q

Handicap

A

A disadvantage in a particular situation, sometimes caused by a disability

Educational Psychology (13 decks)

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