Chapter 5 Language Development, Language Diversity, & Immigrant Education

Question 1

To apply rules of syntax or grammar in situations where the rule does not apply for ex. “the bike is broked” is called what?

Answer 1

Overregularize

Question 2

Syntax

Answer 2

Order of words in phrases or sentences

Question 3

The appropriate use of language to communicate in social situations

Answer 3

Pragmatics

Question 4

Examples of pragmatics

Answer 4

how to enter a conversation, tell a joke, interrupt, keep a conversation going, or adjusting the language for the listener

Question 5

Someone who has an understanding of language and how it works has what?

Answer 5

Metalinguistic Awareness

Question 6

Early knowledge and skills related to reading are called what?

Answer 6

Emergent Literacy

Question 7

What are the two categories of skills that are important for later reading

Answer 7

Category 1: understand sounds and codes such as knowing letters have names, that sounds are associated with letters, and that words are made up of sounds
Category 2: Oral language abilities such as the size of expressive and receptive vocabulary, knowledge of syntax, and the ability to understand and tell stories

Question 8

Being able to say the sentence from the print page depends on knowing the letters, sounds, and links between letters and sounds requires what skill?

Answer 8

Inside-Out Skill

Question 9

Children’s understanding of information outside of the particular printed words they are trying to read requires what skill?

Answer 9

Outside-In Skill

Question 10

What are the components of outside-in skills?

Answer 10

Language, narrative, conventions of print, and emergent reading

Question 11

What are the components of inside-out skills?

Answer 11

Knowledge of graphemes, phonological awareness, syntactic awareness, phoneme-grapheme correspondence, emergent writing

Question 12

What other factors does emergent literacy depend on?

Answer 12

short-term memory for sounds and sequences, the ability to recognize and name lists of letters, and interest

Question 13

William grew up in a house where his parents spoke English and French. William is fluent in both languages and can read and write in both languages too. William would be considered what?

Answer 13

Bilingual

Question 14

Speaking only one language

Answer 14

Monolingual

Question 15

What is the period called where if learning doesn’t happen it never will?

Answer 15

Critical Period

Question 16

The period where we are especially responsive to learning is called what?

Answer 16

Sensitive Period

Question 17

Heritage Language

Answer 17

The language spoken in the student’s home or by members of the family

Question 18

Adding a second language capability without losing your heritage language

Answer 18

Balanced bilingualism

Question 19

Academic language is the entire range of language used in elementary, secondary, and university-level schools which includes what?

Answer 19

words, concepts, strategies, and processes from academic subjects

Question 20

Dialect

Answer 20

A language rule system used by a particular group

Question 21

Moving between two speech forms (for example: formal to informal communication)

Answer 21

Code Switching

Question 22

Genderlects

Answer 22

Different ways of talking for males and females

Question 23

Iris decided to leave her country of Columbia to move to the United States she is working toward becoming a permanent resident of the US. Iris is considered to be an?

Answer 23

Immigrant

Question 24

During the Vietnam War residents left the country to flee from the danger. When they left they became what?

Answer 24

Refugees

Question 25

The idea that immigrants are expected to assimilate to enter the culture and become like those who had arrived earlier is called what?

Answer 25

Melting Pot

Question 26

A model that explains the school achievement problems of ethnic minority students by assuming that their culture is inadequate and does not prepare them to succeed in school

Answer 26

Cultrual Deficit model

Question 27

Rose grew up speaking Spanish and is now learning English. Rose is considered to be an _____________ student?

Answer 27

English Language Learner (ELL)

Question 28

What are the four general profiles of students who are ELLs in today’s classrooms?

Answer 28

Balanced bilinguals, Monolingual/literate students, Monolingual/preliterate students, Limited bilingual

Question 29

These students are literate in their native language but speak limited English

Answer 29

Monolingual/literate

Question 30

These students are not literate. They may not read or write in their native language or they may have very limited literacy skills

Answer 30

Monolingual/preliterate

Question 31

These students can converse well in both languages, but for some reason, they have trouble learning academically

Answer 31

Limited bilingual

Question 32

Students whose characteristics, educational experiences, and language fluencies are somewhere in between those of students born in the United States and students who are recent immigrants

Answer 32

Generation 1.5

Question 33

The knowledge that families and community members have acquired in many areas of work, home, and religious life can become the basis of teaching

Answer 33

Funds of Knowledge

Question 34

LEP

Answer 34

Limited English Proficient is an unused term for ELLs

Question 35

English as a Second Language (ESL)

Answer 35

The classes devoted to teaching English to students who are English language learners

Question 36

An environment that teaches English rapidly by maximizing instruction

Answer 36

Structured English Immersion (SEI)

Question 37

Lucy inadequately speaks English and French and is not proficient in either language. Lucy is considered to be a _______________?

Answer 37

Semilingual

Question 38

Instruction that teaches content to ELL students by putting the words and concepts of the content into context to make the content more understandable

Answer 38

Sheltered Instruction

Question 39

What are the eight key elements of good sheltered instruction?

Answer 39

Preparation, building background, comprehensible input, strategies, interaction, practice and application, lesson delivery, and review and assessment