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chapter 22 Flashcards

psychiatry

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

psychiatry

A

branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment & prevention of mental illness

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2
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

chronic anxiety & exaggerated worry & tension even when there’s little or nothing to provoke such feelings

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3
Q

affect

A

external expression of emotion

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4
Q

amnesia

A

loss of memory

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5
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder with excessive dieting & refusal to maintain normal body weight

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6
Q

anxiety disorders

A

characterized by unpleasant tension, distress & avoidance behavior

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7
Q

apathy

A

absence of emotions, lack of interest or emotional involvement

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8
Q

autism

A

neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction & communication & by restricted, repetitive behavior

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9
Q

bipolar disorder

A

these disorders are marked by alternating period of mania & depression

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10
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging & depression

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11
Q

cannabis

A

substance from which marijuana is made

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12
Q

compulsion

A

uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly

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13
Q

conversion disorder

A

condition marked by neurological symptoms with no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety & unconscious inner conflict

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14
Q

defense mechanisms

A

unconscious technique a person uses to resolve or conceal conflicts & anxiety

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15
Q

delirium

A

acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, changes in alertness, difficulty paying attention & fearfulness, usually reversible

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16
Q

delusions

A

fixed, false belief that can;t be changed by logical reasoning or evidence

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17
Q

dementia

A

progressive loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgment & reasoning as well as changes in personality

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18
Q

depression

A

major psychiatric disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry & discouragement & commonly suicidal impulses & thoughts

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19
Q

dissociative disorder

A

conditions involving breakdown in memory, identity or perceptions

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20
Q

ego

A

central coordinating branch of the personality or mind

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21
Q

fugue

A

unconscious flight from customary surroundings

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22
Q

gender identity disorder

A

strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex that causes clinically significant distress

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23
Q

hallucination

A

false sensory perception

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24
Q

id

A

major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives & desires

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25
Q

labile

A

unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change

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26
Q

mania

A

elevated expansive state (euphoria) with hyperactivity, talkativeness & racing thoughts

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27
Q

mutism

A

no, or very little ability to speak

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28
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders

A

group of childhood disorders
characterized by delays in socialization & communication skills

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29
Q

obsession

A

involuntary persistent idea, urge or emotion

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30
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts & repetitive acts dominate
behavior

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31
Q

paranoia

A

overly suspicious system of thinking

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32
Q

paraphilia

A

recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects,
activities, or situations

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33
Q

personality disorders

A

lifelong personality patterns marked by impairment of social functioning

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34
Q

phobia

A

irrational or disabling fear of an object or situation

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35
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event

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36
Q

projective (personality) test

A

diagnostic personality test using stimuli to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality

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37
Q

psychiatrist

A

physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention & treatment of mental disorders

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38
Q

psychologist

A

nonmedical professional specializing in mental processes and how the brain
functions in health & disease

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39
Q

psychosis

A

disorder marked by loss of contact with reality

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40
Q

reality testing

A

psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy

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41
Q

repression

A

defense mechanism by which
unacceptable thoughts, feelings & impulses are automatically pushed into
the unconscious

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42
Q

schizophrenia

A

chronic psychotic disorder that may include hallucinations, disorganized
speech & behavior, flat affect, & lack of initiative

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43
Q

sexual disorders

A

paraphilias & sexual dysfunctions

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44
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

presence of physical symptoms that can’t be explained by an actual physical disorder or other well-described mental
disorder

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45
Q

substance-related disorder

A

regular overuse of or dependence on psychoactive substances that affect the
central nervous system

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46
Q

superego

A

internalized conscience & moral part of the personality

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47
Q

amphetamines

A

CNS stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder & depression

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48
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

drugs that treat psychotic symptoms & behavior

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49
Q

benzodiazepines

A

drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation & panic attacks

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50
Q

cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT)

A

Focuses on the connection between behavior & thoughts

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51
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

electric current is used to produce convulsions & loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major
depression

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52
Q

family therapy

A

treatment of an entire family to resolve & shed light on conflicts

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53
Q

first generation antipsychotic drugs

A

early neuroleptic medications that reduce psychotic symptoms

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54
Q

free association

A

psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind

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55
Q

group therapy

A

group of patients with similar problems gains insight into their personalities through discussion & interaction with
each other

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56
Q

hypnosis

A

induced trance (state of altered consciousness)

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57
Q

insight-oriented therapy (psychodynamic therapy)

A

face-to-face discussion of life problems & associated feelings

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58
Q

lithium

A

medication used to treat bipolar disorders

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59
Q

neuroleptic drug

A

any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms

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60
Q

phenothiazines

A

antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs

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61
Q

play therapy

A

treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses
conflicts & feelings unable to be communicated in a direct manner

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62
Q

psychoanalysis

A

treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions & conflicts so as
to understand and change current behavior

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63
Q

psychodrama

A

group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family & social roles with others

64
Q

psychopharmacology

A

treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs

65
Q

sedatives

A

drugs that lessen anxiety

66
Q

supportive psychotherapy

A

offering encouragement, support & hope to patients facing difficult life
transitions & events

67
Q

transference

A

psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though
he/she was a prominent childhood figure

68
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

drugs used to treat severe depression

69
Q

AD

A

alzheimer disease

70
Q

ADHD

A

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

71
Q

ADLs

A

activities of daily living

72
Q

AIMS

A

abnormal involuntary movement scale

73
Q

ASD

A

autism spectrum disorder

74
Q

BZD

A

benzodiazepine

75
Q

CA

A

chronological age

76
Q

DSM-V

A

diagnostic & statistical manual of mental
Disorders, 5th edition

77
Q

DT

A

delirium tremens

78
Q

ECT

A

electroconvulsive

79
Q

ID

A

intellectual disability

80
Q

IQ

A

intelligence quotient

81
Q

LSD

A

lysergic acid diethylamide

82
Q

MA

A

mental age

83
Q

MDD

A

major depressive disorder

84
Q

MMPI

A

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

85
Q

Rx (Pysch)

A

therapy

86
Q

SAD

A

seasonal affective disorder

87
Q

SNRI

A

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

88
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

89
Q

TAT

A

tricyclic antidepressants

90
Q

TD

A

tardive dyskinesia

91
Q

THC

A

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

92
Q

WAIS

A

wechsler adult intelligence scale

93
Q

WISC

A

wechsler intelligence scale for children

94
Q

Ψ

A

symbol psych-

95
Q

ΨRx

A

psychotherapy

96
Q

anxi/o

A

uneasy, anxious

97
Q

auto-

A

self

98
Q

hallucin/o

A

hallucination

99
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

100
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment

101
Q

ment/o & phren/o & psych/o

A

mind

102
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

103
Q

phil/o

A

attraction to, love

104
Q

schiz/o

A

spilt

105
Q

somat/o

A

body

106
Q

-genic

A

produced by

107
Q

-leptic

A

to seize a hold of

108
Q

-mania

A

obsession

109
Q

-phobia

A

fear

110
Q

-phoria

A

feeling

111
Q

-thymia

A

mind

112
Q

-a-, an-

A

no, not

113
Q

bi-

A

two

114
Q

cata-

A

down

115
Q

para-

A

abnormal

116
Q

psychiatrist

A

physician specializing in treating mental illness

117
Q

psychologist, psychiatric nurse, licensed clinical social worker

A

nonphysician professional trained in the treatment of mental illness

118
Q

psychoanalyst

A

therapist who practices psychoanalysis

119
Q

forensic psychology

A

branch of psychiatry dealing with legal matters

120
Q

clinical

A

branch of psychology dealing with patient care

121
Q

dysphoria

A

sadness, hopelessness, unpleasant feeling

122
Q

euphoria

A

exaggerated feeling of well-being (“high”)

123
Q

psychosis

A

loss of contact with reality; often delusions & hallucinations

124
Q

iatrogenic

A

pertaining to a disorder caused by a treatment

125
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of leaving one’s home or a safe place

126
Q

sexual sadism

A

achievement of sexual gratification by inflicting physical or psychological pain

127
Q

schizophrenia spectrum

A

negative symptoms like flat affect & lack of initiative

128
Q

hypomania

A

mood disorder resembling mania (exaggerated excitement, hyperactivity) but of lesser extent

129
Q

hallucinogen

A

drug that produces hallucinations

130
Q

opoids

A

drugs that are derived from opium (morphine & heroin)

131
Q

cocaine

A

stimulant drug that causes euphoria & hallucinations

132
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

alternating periods of hypomania & depressive episodes of lesser intensity than bipolar illness

133
Q

dysthymia

A

depressed mood persisting over 2 years but not as severe as major depression

134
Q

histrionic (cluster B of personality disorders)

A

flamboyant, theatrical, emotionally immature

135
Q

antisocial (cluster B of personality disorders)

A

no loyalty or concern for others; doesn’t tolerate frustration & blames others when he or she is at fault

136
Q

narcissistic (cluster B of personality disorders)

A

fantasises of success & power and a grandiose sense of self-importance

137
Q

paranoid (cluster A of personality disorders)

A

pervasive, unwarranted suspiciousness & mistrust of people

138
Q

schizoid (cluster A of personality disorders)

A

emotionally cold, aloof, indifferent to praise or criticism or the feelings of others

139
Q

borderline (cluster B of personality disorders)

A

instability in personal relationships & sense of self; alternating over involvement with & rejection of people

140
Q

avoidant (cluster C of personality disorders)

A

patterns of social inhibitions, feelings of inadequacy & hypersensitivity to negative evaluations

141
Q

schizotypal (cluster A of personality disorders)

A

acute discomfort in close relationships with odd beliefs & bizarre fantasies

142
Q

obsessive-compulsive (cluster C of personality disorders)

A

needing orderliness, perfectionism & control; preoccupied with details, rules, lists & schedules

143
Q

dependent (cluster C of personality disorders)

A

submissive & clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of

144
Q

xenophobia

A

fear of strangers

145
Q

kleptomania

A

obsessive preoccupation with steaing

146
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

antidepressant agents that work by blocking the action of a specific enzyme

147
Q

first-generation antipsychotics examples:

A

neuroleptic drugs like thorazine & haldol

148
Q

pyromania

A

obsessive preoccupation with fire

149
Q

escitalopram (lexapro)

A

SSRI, treats anxiety & depression

150
Q

aripiprazole (abilify)

A

atypical antipsychotic; treats schizophrenia & bipolar disorder

151
Q

methylphenidate (ritalin, concerta)

A

stimulants, treats attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

152
Q

amitriptyline (elavil)

A

tricyclic antidepressant; treats depression

153
Q

alprazolam (xanax)

A

benzodiazepine; treats anxiety & panic attacks

154
Q

zolpidem (ambien)

A

sedative; treats insomina

155
Q

lamotrigine (lamictal)

A

anticonvulsant that also issued to treat bipolar disorders

156
Q

thiothixene (navane)

A

first-generation antipsychotic that treats schizophrenia

medical terminolgy (22 decks)

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