6- What is Memory?

Question 1

How is memory defined?

Answer 1

The ability to hold and transform info

Question 2

What are the 3 key components of memory?

Answer 2

Encoding –> storage –> retrieval

Question 3

What is encoding?

Answer 3

Coding info to be stored

Question 4

What is storage?

Answer 4

Maintenance of info

Question 5

What is retrieval?

Answer 5

Recollection of info

Question 6

What is sensory memory?

Answer 6

A very temporary sensory register

Question 7

What does the sensory memory allow?

Answer 7

Input from the sensory modalities

Question 8

Why does sensory memory prolong info?

Answer 8

So we can attend or process the important parts

Question 9

What brain experience does the sensory memory have?

Answer 9

Some conscious, some unconscious

Question 10

What 3 levels are in the hierarchy of the brain?

Answer 10

Sensation –> perception –> cognition

Question 11

What is the capacity of sensory memory like?

Answer 11

Large, fades rapidly

Question 12

What information will stay from the sensory memory?

Answer 12

What we attend to

Question 13

What kind of memory is involved in sensory memory?

Answer 13

Memory for stimuli as opposed to memory for ideas

Question 14

What stores does the sensory memory have for senses?

Answer 14

Modality specific

Question 15

What is sensory memory’s visual store?

Answer 15

Iconic memory

Question 16

What is sensory memory’s auditory store?

Answer 16

Echoic

Question 17

What is sensory memory’s store for tactile/touch stimuli?

Answer 17

Haptic

Question 18

What was Sperling’s (1960) experiment into iconic memory?

Answer 18

Participants were asked to look at a whole list (all letters) or a partial list (only one line of letters)- list was shown for a very short amount of time

Question 19

Why did a partial list in Sperling’s experiment produce increased memory for letters?

Answer 19

The partial list directs attention to a specific part of the list

Question 20

What is iconic memory not?

Answer 20

Continuous

Question 21

Why does iconic memory seem continuous?

Answer 21

As the brain will prolong information

Question 22

What is shadowing in echoic memory investigation?

Answer 22

Participants asked to attend to either right or left ear input which finds that they can’t keep track of both

Question 23

What is the first stage of sensory memory and how long does it last?

Answer 23

Short and pre-perceptual, lasts about 250 milliseconds

Question 24

What is the second stage of sensory memory and how long does it last?

Answer 24

Long and involving substantial process, lasts some seconds

Question 25

How is sensory memory disrupted?

Answer 25

Backward masking

Question 26

What is backward masking?

Answer 26

Disrupting transition from sensory memory to STM using a mask

Question 27

What is a mask in backward masking?

Answer 27

An irrelevant stimulus in spatial or temporal proximity

Question 28

What type of storage is short-term memory?

Answer 28

Where information is temporarily held in an accessible state

Question 29

How are we processing information in STM?

Answer 29

Consciously

Question 30

How many different types of long-term memory are there?

Answer 30

Many

Question 31

What are the different types of long-term memory mostly about?

Answer 31

Things we learn

Question 32

What type of system is long-term memory?

Answer 32

System where information is held for longer periods and can be accessed when needed

Question 33

What is the path of external information in memory?

Answer 33

Sensory info –> short-term memory –> long-term memory