16-1 Flashcards by Leticia Luna

liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by extracellular matrix?

Blood

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What are the 3 general functions of blood:

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

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What does blood transport?

oxygen
carbon dioxide
nutrients
waste
heat

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What does blood regulate?

pH
temp
osmotic pressure

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What does blood protect against?

blood clots and disease

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Oxygen binds to what molecule in RBCs?

iron

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What is the temp of blood?

38C/100.4F

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pH of blood is slightly what?

what is the range?

alkaline

7.35-7.45

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Blood constitutes how much of our total body weight?

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average blood volume for males?

5 -6 liters

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average blood volume for females?

4-5 liters

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whole blood is composed of what 2 portions?

blood plasma
formed elements

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How much of whole blood is blood plasma?

and formed elements?

55%

45%

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More than 99% of formed elements are ________,

the remaining 1% is ________.

RBCs

WBCs

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What is hematocrit?

total RBCs in the total amount of blood

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Hematocrit for males

42%-52%

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Hematocrit for females?

37%-47%

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What is buffy coat made of?

WBCs and platelets

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Blood plasma is ___% water,

___% proteins,

and __% other solutes

91.5%

1.5%

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proteins in blood are synthesized by?

the liver

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most plentiful plasma proteins are what?

albumins

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Male RBCs

5.4 million

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Female RBCs

4.8 million

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What gives whole blood its red color?

hemoglobin

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How long do RBCs live?

120 days

WBC normal range

5k-10k

How long do WBC live?

few hours to a few days

How are WBC and RBC different?

WBC have nuclei and other organelles and no hemoglobin

What are the 5 types of WBCs?

1. neutrophils 2. eosinophils 3. basophils 4. monocytes 5. lymphocytes

What are granular leukocytes?

1. neutrophils 2. eosinophils 3. basophils

what % of WBC are neutrophils?

50-70%

What do neutrophils do?

destroy bacteria

what % of WBC are eosinophils?

1-5%

What do eosinophils do?

1. suppress effects of histamine in allergic reactions 2. destroy parasitic worms

what % of WBC are basophils?

0-1%

What do basophils do?

release heparin, histamine, and serotonin inflammatory response in allergic reactions

Lymphocytes have what 3 cells?

T cells B cells Natural killer cells

what % of WBC are lymphocytes?

20-40%

what do lymphocytes do?

mediates immune responses, including antigen antibody reactions

B cells will transform into _______ that secrete ________ .

plasma cells antibodies

what % of WBC are monocytes?

1-6%

what do monocytes do?

Phagocytic (transform into wandering macrophage)

Normal platelet range?

150,000 – 400,000/uL

How long do platelets live?

5-9 days

what do platelets do?

Form platelet plug during hemostasis

The process by which the formed elements of blood develop is called

Hemopoiesis

what is the primary site of hemopoiesis?

Red bone marrow

Pluripotent Stem Cells develop into what 2 different cell types?

1. Myeloid 2. Lymphoid

Myeloid stem cells differentiate into what 7 types of cells?

1. Red cells 2. Platelets 3. Eosinophils 4. Mast cells 5. Basophils 6. Neutrophils 7. Monocytes

what are the 3 lymphoid stem cells?

1. T Cells 2. B Cells 3. Natural Killer Cells

what are the 2 types of immature cells?

1. bands 2. blast

what % is considered abnormal and maybe due to a left shift?

\>10%

what is a sequence of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured?

Hemostasis

what are 3 mechanisms that can reduce loss of blood from blood vessels?

1. Vascular spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood clotting (coagulation)

what is vascular spasms?

blood vessels contract

what is Platelet Plug Formation?

platelets stick together

what is blood clotting?

blood thickens to gel

what is plasma minus the clotting proteins?

serum

what are the 3 stages of clotting?

1. Prothrombinase is formed 2. Prothrombinase converts prothrombin into thrombin 3. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin

what interferes with the clotting process?

smoking

what activates to begin digesting and dissolving fibrin threads thus removing the clot?

plasmin

A clot is also called a

Thrombus

A mobile clot is a

Embolus

Antigens are also called?

Agglutinogens

2 major blood groups:

1. ABO 2. Rh

only antigen A

type A blood.

only antigen B

type B

both A and B antigens

type AB

neither antigen A nor B

type O

perfect 1 to 1 to 1 ratio

RBCs, plasma, platelets

People with Rh antigen are considered

Rh positive

People without Rh antigen are considered

Rh negative

One unit will usually bring up the hemoglobin by \_\_\_\_\_?

1 g/dL

Current guidelines suggest giving units once hemoglobin falls below

7-8g/dL

for every unit of packed RBCs given you should give a unit of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?

plasma and platelets

RBC’s can be stored in refrigerator up to?

35 days

Frozen RBC’s can be frozen for up to

10 years

After deglycing, blood can be stored in refrigerator for?

14 days

Before transfusion, the recipient and donor’s blood need to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, to avoid \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

typed and crossmatched hemolytic transfusion reactions

What are S&S of hemolytic transfusion reactions?

Fever, chills, backache, headache

What do you do to treat Hemolytic transfusion reactions?

1. Stop transfusion immediately 2. Acetaminophen 3. Diphenhydramine 4. Hydrocortisone

16-1 Flashcards

(81 cards)