Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Lab > 16-3 > Flashcards

16-3 Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Anemia
males HCT less than %?
females HCT less than %?

A

41%
37%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the #1 cause for Anemia in adults?

A

bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most important treatment is what?

A

identification of the cause of blood loss, especially a source of occult blood loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Menstruation, pregnancy, and frequent blood donors increase chances of what?

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What considerations should be taken for males with Anemia?

A

may be due to a disease process and require a further evaluation and a higher level of care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Severe iron deficiency causes what?

A

skin and mucosal changes,

smooth tongue,
brittle nails,
cheilosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Many iron-deficient patients develop pica, craving what?

A

ice chips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What lab do you order for someone with suspected iron deficiency?

A

CBC with differential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most important treatment for Anemia is?

A

identification of the cause of blood loss, especially a source of occult blood loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the tx for Anemia?

A

oral iron supplement

Ferrous sulfate 325mg TID x 3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What Ferritin value is considered Anemic?

A

<12 mcg/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency is less than

A

<100 pg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physical Findings for vitamin B12 deficiency:

A
  • Glossitis
  • Anorexia
  • Diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the CBC with diff hallmark for vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

megaloblastic anemia (large RBC’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What late stage & and early stage considerations should be taken for vitamin B12 deficiency?

A
  • MEDEVAC for late stage
  • Referral to Hematologist for early stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a sequence of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured?

A

Hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Intrinsic pathway, key factors include:

A

8, 9, 11, 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Extrinsic pathway key factor:

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Intrinsic pathway is measured by

A

PTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Extrinsic pathway is measured by

A

PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a systemic process with the potential for causing thrombosis and hemorrhage. It can present as an acute, life threatening emergency?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does G6PD stand for?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a hereditary enzyme defect that causes episodic hemolytic anemia because of the decreased ability of red
blood cells to deal with oxidative stresses?

A

G6PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What drug can cause hemolysis for a G6PD patient?

A

Primaquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What might a red blood cell smear reveal for a G6PD pt?
“bite cells” or Heinz bodies
26
What condition might have abnormal RBC take the shape of a sickle rather than a biconcave disc?
Sickle Cell Trait
27
What is a condition that causes acute painful episodes of back and long bones last hours to days and may produce low-grade fever. And Non-healing ulcers of the lower leg and retinopathy may be present.
Sickle Cell Trait
28
What lab should be done for someone with suspected SCT?
CBC w/ diff
29
average life expectancy for Sickle cell anemia is?
40 - 50 y/o
30
SCT can cause acute pain under extreme conditions such as…?
vigorous exertion at high altitudes or unpressurized aircraft
31
What is a malignancy of the hematopoietic progenitor cell. These cells proliferate in an uncontrolled fashion and replace normal bone marrow elements?
Leukemia
32
More than what % of blasts in the bone marrow is considered Leukemia?
20%
33
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises **%** of the acute leukemias of childhood. It is also seen in adults, causing approximately \_\_% of adult acute leukemias.
80% 20%
34
Which Leukemia is primarily an adult disease with a median age at presentation of 60 years and an increasing incidence with advanced age?
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
35
What S&S are present with Leukemia?
pale, purpura, petechiae Bone tenderness in the sternum, tibia, and femur.
36
Differential Diagnosis for Leukemia could be what?
Viral infection such as Mononucleosis
37
Patients with ALL may have what visible on a chest radiograph?
mediastinal mass
38
What is the treatment for Leukemia?
MEDEVAC Referral to hematologist.
39
Approximately what % of adults with AML under age 60 years achieve complete remission?
70-80%
40
Bone marrow transplantation is curative in what % of cases?
50-60%
41
What is a high white cell count relative to normal physiologic numbers?
Leukocytosis
42
What is a low total white cell count?
Leukopenia \<4400 cells/microL
43
What is an abnormally low amount of circulating platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
44
The risk of clinically relevant spontaneous bleeding does not typically increase until the platelet count falls below what?
10,000 - 20,000/mcL
45
What helps you determine that the deficiency is platelets rather then a coagulopathy?
Petechia
46
Should you MEDEVAC someone with Thrombocytopenia
Yes if actively bleeding
47
48
What causes skin and mucosal changes, including a smooth tongue, brittle nails, and cheilosis?
Iron Deficiency Anemia
49
What are contraindications for Ferrous sulfate?
50
What should the pt be counseled on about ferrous sulfate?
very constipating and turns stool black
51
Vit B12 deficiency is seen mostly in?
Vegans
52
What is considered a Vit B12 deficiency?
\<100/pg/mL
53
How much stored Vit B12 does the liver contain?
2000-5000 mcg
54
How long does Vit B12 deficiency take to develop?
3 years
55
Physical findings of: Glossitis, Anorexia, Diarrhea, pale, paresthesia indicate what?
Vitamin B12 dificiency
56
What Dx has a hallmark of megaloblastic anemia on a CBC w/ diff?
Vit B12 deficiency
57
What is the Tx for Vit B12 deficiency?
Vit B12 inj IM daily for a week, weekly for a month, and monthly for a year
58
For late stage Vit B12 deficiency what should you do?
MEDEVAC
59
For early stage Vit B12 deficiency what should you do?
Referral to Hematologist
60
3 stages of blood clotting?
1. Formation of prothrombinase 2. Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin 3. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
61
Intrinsic pathway key factors?
8,9,11,12
62
Extrinsinc pathway key factor?
7
63
Intrinsic pathway lab
PTT
64
Extrinsic pathway lab
PT
65
Hemophilia A
Deficiency of factor 8
66
Hemophilia B
Deficiency of factor 9
67
What is a systemic process with the potential for causing thrombosis and hemorrhage. It can present as an acute, life-threatening emergency.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
68
Common bleeding manifestations include
petechiae; ecchymoses; and blood oozing from wound sites
69
Common causes of DIC
* Sepsis * Malignancy * Trauma * Obstetrical complications * Heat stroke, crush injuries and Rattlesnake or another viper bite.
70
What medication should you avoid giving someone with DIC?
Heparin
71
Sx: Bruising, bleeding, epistaxis, bleeding from eyes, heavy vaginal bleeding Dx?
DIC
72
What labs would you do for DIC?
PT, PTT, INR, CBC
73
What does G6PD stand for?
glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
74
What may reveal bite cells or Heinz bodies?
G6PD
75
What is a autosomal recessive disorder with hemoglobin S
Sickle cell anemia
76
Acute back and bone pain, low grade fever, non-healing ulcers in the legs, lasting hours to days
SCT
77
What lab is done for SCT?
CBC w/ diff
78
How is Sickle cell hemoglobin confirmed?
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
79
What is the tx for SCT
keep hydrated and oxygenated
80
Average life expectancy of sickle cell anemia?
40-50 y/o
81
What conditions can exacerbate SCT?
vigourous exertion, high altitude, unpressurized aircraft
82
A malignancy were cells proliferate and replace normal bone marrow
Leukemia
83
What % of blasts in the bone marrow indicates Leukemia?
20%
84
What are the 2 classifications of Leukemia?
AML and ALL
85
What % of ALL is children? What % of ALL is adults?
80% 20%
86
AML is common in what age group?
adults over 60y/o
87
Sx: Fatigue, gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia, pale, purapura, and petechiae Bone tenderness in the sternum, tibia, and femur
Acute Leukemia
88
What viral infection presents similar to Leukemia?
Mononucleosis
89
If lab reveals combo of pancytopenia w/ circulating blasts what Dx?
Leukemia
90
Mediastinal mass visible on CXR may be what Dx?
ALL
91
What is the tx for Leukemia?
MEDEVAC Referral to hematologist chemo and radiation therapy
92
What % of adults with AML achieve remission?
70-80%
93
Bone marrow transplant for Leukemia is curative in what % of cases?
50-60%
94
High WBC Dx?
Leukocytosis

Lab (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions