16

Question 1

what does the upper airways consist of

Answer 1

nasal cavity
oral cavity
larynx

Question 2

gateway entre upper and lower airway

Answer 2

larynx

Question 3

what does the upper airways consist of

Answer 3

TRACHEA bronchi lungs

Question 4

functions of nasal cavity

Answer 4

Warms and humidifies inspired air

Removes and traps pathogens from inspired air

Sense of smell

Drains paranasal sinuses and lacrimal ducts

Question 5

nerve that governs smell

Answer 5

olfactory nerve

Question 6

what tissue is septum and lateral walls

Answer 6

cartilage

Question 7

bone in floor of nasal cavity

Answer 7

maxilla

Question 8

what are the bone structures that are from the epthymoid bone

Answer 8

superior concha and middle concha

Question 9

what structures are under the concha

Answer 9

meatus (superior middle and inferior meatus)

Question 10

meatus function

Answer 10

gap to allow air to travel when you inhale exhale

Question 11

concha function

Answer 11

swirl up air as it passes through cavity so more time to trap pathogens and warm air and add SA to nasal cavity

Question 12

what happens in a cold

Answer 12

meatus becomes smaller blocked nose sensation

Question 13

how many Paris of paranasal sinuses and where are they found

Answer 13

4
Frontal sinuses
ethmoid sinuses
sphenoid sinuses
maxillary sinuses

Question 14

function of sinus

Answer 14

1. reduce weight of skull
2. Vocal resonance
3. Crumple zone

Question 15

types of oral cavities

Answer 15

oral vestibule (between lips and cheeks)
oral cavity proper (behind the teeth)

Question 16

Function of mouth

Answer 16

Ingestion
Digestion
Communication
Respiration

Question 17

border of mouth cavity

Answer 17

Roof – hard palate (maxilla + palatine) anteriorly, muscular soft palate posteriorly

Floor – muscular with scaffolding from mandible

Lateral – mandible posteriorly, buccal muscle anteriorly

Question 18

what tissue is tongue made of

Answer 18

muscle

Question 19

what happens to uvula in tonsillitis

Answer 19

deviates

Question 20

3 parts in pharynx

Answer 20

nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsil, opening of pharyngotympanic tube, uvula)
oropharynx (palatine tonsil)
layngopharynx (everything below superior epiglottis and above circoid cartilage)

Question 21

what kinds of muscles make up pharynx

Answer 21

circular

longitudinal

Question 22

Eustachian tube connects

Answer 22

middle ear to nasopharynx

Question 23

role of Eustachian tube

Answer 23

drain middle ear
produces mucous
equalise pressure entre middle ear and nasopharynx

Question 24

what happens if Eustachian tube is blocked as a result of upper respiratory tract infection

Answer 24

accumulation of fluid in middle ear –> ear blocked feeling

Question 25

how many pairs of tonsils do we have and what are their names

Answer 25

``` 4 tubal tonsil pharyngeal palatine lingual ```

Question 26

what's waldeyers ring

Answer 26

describes circle of lymphoid tissue in upper airway

Question 27

larynx function

Answer 27

Responsible for phonation and protection of lower airway

Question 28

at what vertebrae level does the larynx sit

Answer 28

c3-c6

Question 29

how many cartilages make up the larynx

Answer 29

9 Three unpaired – Epiglottis, Thyroid and Cricoid Three paired – Arytenoid, Corniculate and Cuneiform (Anterior to Corniculate)

Question 30

where are vocal cords located

Answer 30

larynx

Question 31

role of epiglottis

Answer 31

flops down to protect lower airway

Question 32

specificity of circoid cartilage

Answer 32

only cartilage to form complete ring around airway

Question 33

on what cartilage do vocal cords attach

Answer 33

arytenoid cartilage

Question 34

which larynx muscle produce sound

Answer 34

intrinsic muscles of larynx

Question 35

which larynx muscle changes pitch of sound

Answer 35

circothyroid muscle

Question 36

what two nerves supply neuronal innervation of larynx

Answer 36

superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal, two branches of vagus

Question 37

what parts of larynx does recurrent laryngeal innervate

Answer 37

motor to ALL intrinsic muscles except circothyroid sensory to area below vocal cords responsible for phonation

Question 38

what parts of larynx does superior laryngeal innervate

Answer 38

internal laryngeal: sensory to area above vocal cords external laryngeal: motor to circothyroid muscle responsible for PITCH

Question 39

which nerve innervates circothyroid muscle

Answer 39

external branch of superior laryngeal

Question 40

result from damage to recurrent laryngeal

Answer 40

caused by lung tumour for example... you get vocal cord paralysis on affected side --> horse voice and dysphonia stridor if both sides are affected

Question 41

result from damage to exterior laryngeal

Answer 41

due to thryoidectomy paralysis leads to low pitch voice and reduced range

Question 42

which artery supplies most of exterior head and neck

Answer 42

external carotid artery

Question 43

which arteries branch from the external carotid artery

Answer 43

``` Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery (lower face) Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Maxillary artery Superficial temporal artery ``` “Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students”

Question 44

what's littles area and what four arteries anastomose there

Answer 44

where 80% of nosebleeds happen very vascularised merging of septal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery septal branch of sphenopalatine terminal part of greater palatine artery septal branch from nasal artery from superior labial artery

Question 45

tube you put in anesthesized ppl

Answer 45

endotracheal intubation

Question 46

surgical emergency airway

Answer 46

Cricothyroidotomy