16 Schizophrenia And The Affective Disorders

Question 0

Positive symptom

Answer 0

Symptom of schizophrenia evident by its presence: delusions, hallucinations, or font disorders.

Question 1

Schizophrenia

Answer 1

Serious mental disorder characterized by disordered thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, and often bizarre behaviors.

Question 2

Thought disorder

Answer 2

Disorganized, irrational thinking.

Question 3

Delusion

Answer 3

Belief that is clearly in contradiction to reality.

Question 4

Hallucination

Answer 4

Perception of a nonexistent object or event.

Question 5

Negative symptom

Answer 5

Symptom of schizophrenia characterized by the absence of behaviors that are normally present: social withdrawal, lack of affect, and reduced motivation.

Question 6

Cognitive symptom

Answer 6

Symptom of schizophrenia that involves cognitive deficits, such as difficulty in sustaining attention, deficits in learning and memory, poor abstract thinking, and poor problem-solving.

Question 7

Chlorpromazine

Answer 7

Dopamine receptor blocker; a first generation antipsychotic drug.

Question 8

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 8

Movement disorder that can occur after prolonged treatment with antipsychotic medication, characterized by involuntary movements of the face and neck.

Question 9

Supersensitivity

Answer 9

Increased sensitivity of neurotransmitter receptors; caused by damage to the afferent axons or long-term blockage of neurotransmitter release.

Question 10

Clozapine

Answer 10

Atypical antipsychotic drugs; the blocks D4 receptors in the nucleus accumbens.

Question 11

Epidemiology

Answer 11

Study of the distribution and causes of diseases and populations.

Question 12

Seasonality effect

Answer 12

Increased incidence of schizophrenia in people born during late winter and early spring.

Question 13

Hypofrotality

Answer 13

Decreased activity of the prefrontal cortex; believed to be responsible for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 14

Partial agonist

Answer 14

Drug that has a very high affinity for a particular receptor but activates that receptor less than the normal ligand does; serves as an agonists and regions of low concentration of the normal ligand and as an antagonist in regions of high concentrations.

Question 15

Bipolar disorder

Answer 15

Serious mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of mania and depression.

Question 16

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 16

Serious mood disorder that consist of unremitting depression or periods of depression that do not alternate with periods of mania.

Question 17

Tricyclic antidepressant

Answer 17

Class of drugs used to treat depression; inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine enough and serotonin but also affects other neurotransmitters; named for the molecular structure.

Question 18

Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Answer 18

Antidepressant drug that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin without affecting the reuptake of other neurotransmitters.

Question 19

Norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

Answer 19

Antidepressant drug that specifically inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin without affecting the reuptake of other neurotransmitters.

Question 20

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 20

Brief electrical shock applied to the head, that results in an electrical seizure; used therapeutically to alleviate severe depression.

Question 21

Treatment-resistant depression

Answer 21

Major depressive disorder symptoms are not relieved after trials of several different treatments.

Question 22

Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (subgenual ACC)

Answer 22

Region of the medial prefrontal cortex located below the knee at the front of the corpus callosum; plays a role in the symptoms of depression.

Question 23

Lithium

Answer 23

Chemical elements; lithium carbonate is used to treat bipolar disorder.

Question 24

Monoamine hypothesis

Answer 24

Hypothesis that states that depression is caused by a low level of activity of one or more monoaminergic synapses.

Question 25

Tryptophan depletion procedure

Answer 25

Procedure involving a low tryptophan diet and a tryptophan-free amino acid cocktail that lowers brain tryptophan and consequently decreases the synthesis of 5-HT.

Question 26

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Answer 26

Mood disorder characterized by depression, lethargy, sleep disturbances, and craving for carbohydrates during the winter season when days are short.

Question 27

Phototherapy

Answer 27

Treatment of seasonal affective disorder by daily exposure to bright light.