7 Audition, Body And Chemical Senses

Question 0

Hertz (Hz)

Answer 0

Cycles per second.

Question 1

Pitch

Answer 1

Perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the fundamental frequency.

Question 2

Loudness

Answer 2

Intensity

Question 3

Timbre

Answer 3

Complexity

Question 4

Tympanic membrane

Answer 4

Eardrum

Question 5

Ossicle

Answer 5

One of three bones in the middle ear.

Question 6

Malleus

Answer 6

Hammer

Question 7

Incus

Answer 7

Anvil

Question 8

Stapes

Answer 8

Stirrup

Question 9

Cochlea

Answer 9

Snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that contains the auditory transducing mechanisms.

Question 10

Oval window

Answer 10

Opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea that reveals a membrane, against which the baseplate of the stapes presses, transmitting sound vibrations into the fluid in the cochlea.

Question 11

Organ of Corti

Answer 11

Sensory organ on the basilar membrane that contains the auditory hair cells.

Question 12

Hair cell

Answer 12

Receptive cell of the auditory apparatus.

Question 13

Deiter’s cell

Answer 13

Supporting cell phone in the organ of Corti, contains the auditory hair cells.

Question 14

Basilar membrane

Answer 14

Membrane in that cochlea of the inner ear; contains the organ of Corti.

Question 15

Tectorial membrane

Answer 15

Membrane located above the basilar membrane; serves as a shelf against which the cilia of the auditory hair cells move.

Question 16

Round window

Answer 16

Opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea of the inner ear that permits vibrations to be transmitted, via the oval window, into the fluid in the cochlea.

Question 17

Cilium

Answer 17

Hairlike appendage of a cell involved in movement or in transducing sensory information; found on the receptors in the auditory and vestibular system.

Question 18

Tip link

Answer 18

Elastic filaments that attaches the tip of one cilium to the side of the adjacent cilium.

Question 19

Insertional plaque

Answer 19

Point of attachment of a tip link to a cilium.

Question 20

Cochlear nerve

Answer 20

Branch of the auditory nerve that transmits auditory information from the cochlea to the brain.

Question 21

Olivocochlear bundle

Answer 21

Bundle of efferent axons that travel from the olivary complex of the medulla to the auditory hair cells of the cochlea.

Question 22

Cochlear nucleus

Answer 22

One of a group of nuclei in the medulla that receives auditory information from the cochlea.

Question 23

Superior olivary complex

Answer 23

Group of new nuclei in the medulla; involved with auditory functions, including localization of the source of sounds.

Question 24

Lateral lemniscus

Answer 24

Band of fibers running rostrally through the medulla and pons; carries fibers of the auditory system.

Question 25

Tototopic representation

Answer 25

Topographically organize mapping of different frequencies of sound that are represented in a particular region of the brain.

Question 26

Core region

Answer 26

Primary auditory cortex, located on a gyrus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe.

Question 27

Belt region

Answer 27

First level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the primary auditory cortex.

Question 28

Parabelt region

Answer 28

Second level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the belt region.

Question 29

Place code

Answer 29

System by which information about different frequencies is coded by different locations on the basilar membrane.

Question 30

Cochlear implant

Answer 30

Electronic device surgically implanted in the inner ear that can enable a deaf person to hear.

Question 31

Rate code

Answer 31

System by which information about different frequencies is coded by the rate of firing of neurons in the auditory system.

Question 32

Fundamental frequency

Answer 32

Lowest, and usually most intense, frequency of a complex sound; most often perceived as the sound's basic pitch.

Question 33

Overtone

Answer 33

Frequency of complex tones that occurs at multiples of the fundamental frequency.

Question 34

Phase difference

Answer 34

The difference in arrival times of soundwaves that each of the eardrums.

Question 35

Amusia

Answer 35

Loss or impairment of musical abilities, produced by hereditary factors or brain damage.

Question 36

Vestibular sac

Answer 36

One of a set of two receptor organs in each inner ear text text changes in the tilt of the head.

Question 37

Semicircular canal

Answer 37

One of the three ringlike structures of the vestibular apparatus that detect changes in head rotation.

Question 38

Utricle

Answer 38

Vestibular sac

Question 39

Saccule

Answer 39

Vestibular sac

Question 40

Ampulla

Answer 40

Enlargement in a semicircular canal; contains the cupula and the crista.

Question 41

Cupula

Answer 41

Gelatinous mass found in the ampulla of the semicircular canals; moves in response to the flow of the fluid in the canals.

Question 42

Vestibular ganglion

Answer 42

Nodule on the vestibular nerve that contains the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons that convey vestibular information to the brain.

Question 43

Cutaneous sense

Answer 43

Sensitivity to stimuli that involve the skin.

Question 44

Proprioception

Answer 44

Perception of the body's position and posture.

Question 45

Kinesthesia

Answer 45

Perception of the body's own movements.

Question 46

Organic sense

Answer 46

Sense modality that arises from receptors located with in the inner organs of the body.

Question 47

Glabrous skin

Answer 47

Skin that does not contain hair; found on the palms and the soles of the feet.

Question 48

Merkel's disk

Answer 48

Touch-sensitive cutaneous receptor, important for detection of form and roughness, especially by fingertips.

Question 49

Ruffini corpuscle

Answer 49

Cutaneous receptor that is importing into detecting stretching or static force against the skin, important in proprioception.

Question 50

Meissner's corpuscle

Answer 50

Cutaneous receptor that is important in detecting edge contours or Braille-like stimuli, especially by fingertips.

Question 51

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 51

Vibration-sensitive cutaneous receptor, important in detecting vibration from an object being held.

Question 52

Mechanoreceptor

Answer 52

Sensory neuron that response to mechanical stimuli: for example, those that produce pressure, stretch, or vibration of the skin or stretch of muscles or tendons.

Question 53

Phantom limb

Answer 53

Sensation that appears to originate in a limb that has been amputated.

Question 54

Nucleus raphe magnus

Answer 54

Nucleus of the raphe that contains serotonin-secreting neurons the project to dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord and is involved and analgesia produced by opiates.

Question 55

Umami

Answer 55

Taste sensation produced by glutamate.

Question 56

Chorda tympani

Answer 56

Branch of the facial nerve that passes beneath the eardrum; conveys taste information from the anterior part of the tongue and controls the secretion of some salivary glands.

Question 57

Nucleus of the solitary tract

Answer 57

Nicholas of the medulla that receives information from visceral organs and from gustatory system.

Question 58

Olfactory epithelium

Answer 58

Epithelial tissue of the nasal sinus that covers the cribriform plate; contains the cilia of the olfactory receptors.

Question 59

Olfactory bulb

Answer 59

Protrusion at the end of the olfactory tract; receives input from the olfactory receptors.

Question 60

Mitral cell

Answer 60

Neuron located in the olfactory ball that receives information from olfactory receptors; axons of mitral cells bring information to the rest of the brain.

Question 61

Olfactory glomerulus

Answer 61

Bundle of dendrites of mitral cells and the associated terminal buttons of the exons of olfactory receptors.