16th April

Question 1

Secondary peristalsis

Answer 1

Food, which doesn’t enter the stomach stimulates stretch receptors to cause peristalsiss

Question 2

Mass movements

Answer 2

Waves migratory peristaltic waves along the entire colon to empty the organ prior to the next ingestion

Question 3

Maltase

Answer 3

Glucose and glucose

Question 4

Parietal cells secrete

Answer 4

HCl, Ca, Na, Mg and intrinsic factor

Question 5

More easily absorbed, haem or non-haem iron

Answer 5

Haem

Question 6

Non haem iron is _ and must be converted into _ for absorption

Answer 6

Fe3+ ferric, Fe2+ ferrous

Question 7

Main regulator of iron storage

Answer 7

Hepcidin

Question 8

Transferrin

Answer 8

Binds iron in serum

Question 9

Hormone responsible for regulating ion exchange in the salivary glands

Answer 9

Aldosterone

Question 10

Somatostatin

Answer 10

Inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion, decreases gastrin and pepsinogen release, decreases insulin and glucagon secretion

Question 11

Amount of bile produced per day

Answer 11

500-1500ml per day

Question 12

Action of endothelin

Answer 12

Vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction

Question 13

Atrial de or re polarisation masked by QRS?

Answer 13

re

Question 14

Troponin

Answer 14

Complex of 3 proteins involved in skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction

Question 15

diagnosis of sarcoidosis

Answer 15

transbrachial lung biopsy

Question 16

J wave

Answer 16

hypercalcaemia

Question 17

st elevation and pr depression

Answer 17

pericarditis

Question 18

HOLDS CVD RISK

Answer 18

Hypertension 
Obesity 
Lack of exercise 
Diabetes 
Smoking

Question 19

What tends to be low when triglycerides are high

Answer 19

HDL cholesterol

Question 20

More CVD events due to hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolaemia

Answer 20

Hypercholestrolaemia

Question 21

Exudate protein

Answer 21

> 30 extra

Question 22

Transudate protein

Answer 22

<30 less

Question 23

T1DM vomiting, not taking insulin, dehydrated, laboured breathing

Answer 23

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 24

Pulmonary oedema

Answer 24

Alveolar bat's wings 
kerly B lines 
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels 
pleural Effusion

Question 25

Increased ACE and Ca

Answer 25

Sarcoidosis

Question 26

Respiratory rhythm

Answer 26

Established in medulla

Question 27

Respiratory epithelium

Answer 27

``` Psuedostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium with Goblet cells ```

Question 28

Henry's law

Answer 28

Volume of gas is proportional to partial pressure of gas in equilibrium with liquid

Question 29

DIVE

Answer 29

Dorsal firing is inspiratory and ventral firing is expiratory

Question 30

Dorsal medulla firing

Answer 30

Inspiration

Question 31

Ventral medulla firing

Answer 31

Expiratory

Question 32

Ventral medulla firing

Answer 32

Expiratory

Question 33

Apneustic

Answer 33

Prolongs inspiration

Question 34

Pneumotaxic

Answer 34

Inhibits inspiration

Question 35

Qfever

Answer 35

Coxiella burnetti, sheep n al taht

Question 36

Common pneumonia cause in CF

Answer 36

Staph aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 37

Hyperexpanded chest

Answer 37

COPD and chronic asthma

Question 38

Postural flapping tremor

Answer 38

Acute CO2 retention

Question 39

Stony dull percussion

Answer 39

Pleural effusion which you mostly get in pneumonia, TB and cancers

Question 40

Why does exudative pleural effusion have higehr protein

Answer 40

Increased capillary permeability in inflammatory process

Question 41

Exudative pleural effusion causes

Answer 41

Infections, malignancies, PE, autoimmune diseases

Question 42

Transudative pleural effusion causes

Answer 42

CHF

Question 43

Fine crepitations

Answer 43

Pulmonary oedema or fibrosis

Question 44

Pleuritic chest pain

Answer 44

PE, pneumonia or pneumothorax

Question 45

4 Cs of fibrosis

Answer 45

Clubbing, Cough, Cyanosis and Crackles

Question 46

Wedge shaped infarct on chest radiograph

Answer 46

PE

Question 47

Pleural mass with lobulated margin

Answer 47

Mesothelioma

Question 48

Erythema nodosum

Answer 48

Sarcoidosis

Question 49

Fever, nightsweats, haemoptysis, anorexia

Answer 49

TB

Question 50

Swinging fever, copious foul-smelling sputum

Answer 50

Lung abscess

Question 51

Parathyroid hormone PTH

Answer 51

Controls distribution of calcium and phosphate in the body

Question 52

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH

Answer 52

Produced by pituitary gland in response to stress, controls corticosteroid secretion

Question 53

Aspirin induced asthma

Answer 53

Samter's triad

Question 54

Samter's triad

Answer 54

Asthma, salicylate sensitivity and nasal polyps

Question 55

Boyle's law

Answer 55

As gas volume increases, pressure decreases

Question 56

Middle lobe auscultation

Answer 56

Rib 4 - 6 right

Question 57

H pylori treatment

Answer 57

COMA | Clarithromycin, Omeprazole, Metronidazole/Amoxicillin

Question 58

Diagnosis of C. diff

Answer 58

Stool antigen C diff

Question 59

Treatment for TB

Answer 59

``` RIPE Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol ```

Question 60

Hernia test results

Answer 60

Direct reappears | Indirect doesn't