me again, get studying these pls x

Question 1

Complications of pneumonia

Answer 1

PEASAP
Pneumothorax 
Empyema 
Abscess
Septicaemia
AF 
Post-infective bronchiectasis

Question 2

Investigation of empyema

Answer 2

Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis

Question 3

CURB65 0-1

Answer 3

Home with amoxcillin/macrolide for 5 days

Question 4

CURB65 2

Answer 4

Hospital with dual antibiotic therapy amoxicillin and macrolide 7-10 days

Question 5

CURB65 3+

Answer 5

Hospital/ITU with dual antibiotic therapy macrolide and co-amoxiclav/ceftriaxone/tazocin

Question 6

U of CURB65

Answer 6

Blood urea nitrogen over 7mmol/l

Question 7

R of CURB65

Answer 7

RR over 30

Question 8

B of CURB65

Answer 8

Less than 90/60

Question 9

Acute pneumonia investigations

Answer 9

ABG, Bloods, Blood Culture, Sputum culture. PCR, Urine antigen and CXR
PUB CABS

Question 10

PUB CABS

Answer 10

PCR for mycoplasma
Urine antigen for legionella/pneumococcal
Bloods
CXR for lobar, multi-lobar, cavitation, pleural effusion
ABGs
Blood culture
Sputum

Question 11

Pneumonia

Answer 11

Inflammatory condition of the lungs leading to fluid and blood cells leaking into alveoli, spread leads to consolidation

Question 12

Legionella pneumonia results

Answer 12

Hyponatraemia, deranged LFTs and legionella antigen in urine

Question 13

Cavitating pneumonia and red-currant sputum

Answer 13

Klebsiella pneumonia

Question 14

Pneumocystis jirovecii results

Answer 14

Silver stain showing cysts

Question 15

Rash associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 15

Erythema multiforme

Question 16

Difference between HAP and CAP

Answer 16

HAP tends to be gram negative such as klebsiella and e. coli

Question 17

Bilateral cavitating bronchopneumonia

Answer 17

Staphylococcal pneumonia

Question 18

3 most common pneumonia causes

Answer 18

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and mycoplasma pnuemoniae

Question 19

3 most common pneumonia causes

Answer 19

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and mycoplasma pnuemoniae

Question 20

Raised ALP suggest

Answer 20

Posthepatic obstruction

Question 21

Drugs that can cause haemolysis

Answer 21

Anti-malarials

Question 22

Gilberts syndrome

Answer 22

Causes jaundice you don’t need to treat, liver functions well but bilirubin is building up. Decreased activity of glucuronyl transferase

Question 23

Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 23

Symptoms someone with neuroendocrine tumours may experience

Question 24

Level of plasma bilirubin that may lead to visible jaundice

Answer 24

35 micromol/l

Question 25

Gilbert's syndrome pattern of inheritance

Answer 25

Autosomal recessive

Question 26

Urine urobilinogen absent

Answer 26

post-hepatic jaundice

Question 27

Blood bilirubin raised

Answer 27

Prehepatic jaundice

Question 28

Urine bilirubin absent

Answer 28

Prehepatic jaundice

Question 29

H pylori eradication trio

Answer 29

Amoxicillin, clarithromycin and PPI

Question 30

H pylori eradication trio in penicillin allergy

Answer 30

Metronidazole, clarithromycin and PPI

Question 31

Urine in prehepatic jaundice

Answer 31

Absent bilirubin and increased urobilinogen

Question 32

Urine in posthepatic jaundice

Answer 32

Bilirubin present and urobilinogen decreased

Question 33

Urine in hepatic jaundice

Answer 33

Bilirubin present and urobilinogen increased

Question 34

Pale stools and dark urine

Answer 34

Cholestasis - large amounts of bilirubin entering circulation and not gut

Question 35

Diagnostic markers for acute pancreatitis

Answer 35

serum amylase and lipase

Question 36

Chylomicrons

Answer 36

Carry triglycerides in lymph

Question 37

Chole cysto kinin

Answer 37

bile sac move

Question 38

Simulates CCK action

Answer 38

Fatty acids in chyme

Question 39

Metclopramide

Answer 39

Dopamine antagonist that relaxes LOS and increases motility

Question 40

Enterochromaffin-like cells

Answer 40

Release histamine when stimulated by gastrin

Question 41

Atropine

Answer 41

Antagonist of muscarinic receptors and blocks action of Ach

Question 42

Side effects of SAMAs

Answer 42

Constipation, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, blurred vision, dry eyes, tachycardia, urinary retention etc BLIND AS A BAT, DRY AS A BONE, FULL AS A FLASK, HOT AS A HARE, MAD AS A HATTER

Question 43

Methylxanthines

Answer 43

Inhibit phophodiesterase and block adenosine receptors

Question 44

Treatment for theophylline toxicity

Answer 44

Activated charcoal and haemodialysis

Question 45

pus and red inflammation cause by antibiotics

Answer 45

pseudomembranous colitis

Question 46

red inflammation, fewer inflammatory cells and crypt irregularity caused by poor perfusion

Answer 46

ischaemic colitis

Question 47

normal endoscopy, thick basement membrane >2-3microns, patchy, watery diarrhoea

Answer 47

collagenous colitis

Question 48

surface epithelial injury, prominent lymphocytic infiltration and increased lamina prioria mononuclear cells

Answer 48

lymphocytic colitis

Question 49

collagenous colitis

Answer 49

thickened sub epithelial collagen layer adjacent to basal membrane

Question 50

type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 50

low oxygen

Question 51

type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 51

low oxygen high co2

Question 52

pulmonary fibrosis and lung compliance

Answer 52

decreases lung compliance

Question 53

tb hypersensitivity type

Answer 53

type IV

Question 54

TB immune mediated

Answer 54

T-cell mediated

Question 55

troponin regulates calcium dependent contraction in which types of muscle

Answer 55

skeletal and cardiac

Question 56

what regulates calcium dependent contraction in most smooth muscles? i

Answer 56

calmodulin

Question 57

first line coeliac investigation

Answer 57

tTGA

Question 58

goblet cells in crohns

Answer 58

increased

Question 59

goblet cells in UC

Answer 59

decreased