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AP Biology > Unit Five: Origin And Diversity Of Life > Flashcards

Unit Five: Origin And Diversity Of Life Flashcards

0
Q

3800 MYA

A

RNA, DNA, and proteins form

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1
Q

4000 MYA

A

Amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids form

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2
Q

3500 MYA

A

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

3000 MYA

A

Photosynthetic bacteria and oxygen in the atmosphere form

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4
Q

2200 MYA

A

Single eukaryotic cell appears

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5
Q

2100 MYA

A

Prokaryotes become more diverse and ozone layer forms

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6
Q

2000 MYA

A

Multicellular organisms appear

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7
Q

1000 MYA

A

Sexual reproduction is evident

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8
Q

500 MYA

A

Vertebrates (jawless fish) and invertebrates (trilobites) appear

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9
Q

443.7 MYA

A

Extinction 1

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10
Q

443 MYA

A

Vascular plants and lobe finned fish appear

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11
Q

440 MYA

A

Non-vascular land plants appear

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12
Q

435 MYA

A

Jawed fish and arthropods appear

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13
Q

416 MYA

A

Gymnosperms appear

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14
Q

395 MYA

A

Amphibians and insects appear

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15
Q

359.2 MYA

A

Extinction 2

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16
Q

345 MYA

A

Reptiles appear

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17
Q

251 MYA

A

Extinction 3

Archaeopteryx (reptile/bird) appear

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18
Q

225 MYA

A

Early dinosaurs evolve, mammal appear

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19
Q

199.6 MYA

A

Extinction 4

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20
Q

180 MYA

A

First birds appear

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21
Q

120 MYA

A

Angiosperms appear and dominant

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22
Q

65.5 MYA

A

Extinction 5

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23
Q

64 MYA

A

Early primates appear

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24
Q

.01 MYA

A

Homo sapiens appear

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25
Q

Taxonomy

A

Identifying, naming, and classifying organisms

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26
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

Two part naming system with the genus name first and capitalized followed by the species name. All of it is underlined or in italics.

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27
Q

Species

A

Organisms that can produce fertile offspring

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28
Q

Major classification of organisms

A 
Domain 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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29
Q

What is the difference between ancestral and derived characteristics?

A

Ancestral characteristics evolved first and derived characteristics evolved later

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30
Q

What types of evidence are used to determine phylogeny?

A 
Fossil record
Homology
Molecular data
DNA hybridization
Molecular clock
Systematics
31
Q

Molecular Clock

A

Nucleic acid changes at a constant rate

32
Q

Systematics

A

Diversity of organisms at all levels of organization

33
Q

Phenetic systematics

A

Species classified by number of similarities

  • measure as many traits as possible
  • count number of traits two species share
  • estimate how closely related they are
  • doesn’t take into account convergent or parallel evolution
34
Q

Traditional systematics

A

Use anatomical data (structural difference)

A evolved organism may not be classified with common ancestor

35
Q

Cladistic systematics

A

Uses derived characteristics to arrange a cladogram

Traces evolutionary history

36
Q

Bacteria

A

Cell wall with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Prokaryote with phospolipids

37
Q

Archaea

A

Unicellular
Varied lipids
Ribosomes and introns

38
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Eukaryotes
Phospholipids
Membrane bond organelles

39
Q

What are the general characteristics of members of the protist kingdom?

A 
Eukaryotes
Mostly unicellular
Vary in size
Complex
Heterotrophic
Asexual and sexual reproduction
40
Q

How do protists produce sexually?

A

Spores

41
Q

What are photosynthetic protists?

A

Algae

42
Q

Where do plant and animals originate?

A

Protists

43
Q

How are protists classified?

A

Complexity makes it difficult to classify

It’s in the domain eukaryotic and the kingdom Protista

44
Q

What are characteristics of fungi?

A 
Eukaryotes 
Mostly multicellular
Heterotrophs
Non motile
Sexual and asexual reproduction
45
Q

Zygospores fungi

A

Bread mold

46
Q

Sac fungi

A

Yeast, morels, truffles

47
Q

Club fungi

A

Mushrooms
Puffballs
Shelf fungi

48
Q

Lichen

A

Algae and fungus symbiotic relationship

49
Q

Mycorrhizae

A

Symbiotic relationship between fungus and plant roots

50
Q

Parazoa

A

No tissue

51
Q

Eumetazoa

A

Has tissue

52
Q

Diploblastic

A

Two layers of tissue

53
Q

Triploblastic

A

3 layers of tissues

54
Q

What are types of body symmetry?

A

Asymmetrical, bilateral, radial

55
Q

Acoelomate

A

No coelom

56
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

Not fully lined by mesoderm

57
Q

Coelomate

A

Lined by mesodermal tissue

58
Q

Protostome

A

Spiral, determinate cell cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, coelom forms by splitting mesoderm

59
Q

Deuterostome

A

Radial, interminate cell cleavage, blastopore becomes anus, coelom forms by outpacing primitive gut ( echinoderm,chordates)

60
Q

Cephalization

A

Location of the brain and organs at the anterior end

Higher evolved have more cephalization

61
Q

Porifera

A

Multicellular

62
Q

Cnidaria

A

Tissues, multicellular

63
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Bilateral, tissue, multicellular

64
Q

Nematoda

A

Body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular

65
Q

Mollusca

A

Endoskeleton, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular

66
Q

Annelida

A

Segmentation, endoskeleton, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular

67
Q

Arthropoda

A

Segmentation, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular

68
Q

Echinoderm

A

Endoskeleton, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular

69
Q

Chordata

A

Endoskeleton, coelom, body cavity, bilateral, tissues, multicellular, backbone

70
Q

What are the four major groups of plants?

A

Non-vascular plants
Vascular plants
Gymnosperms
Flowering plants

71
Q

Non-vascular plants

A

Protect embryos

Mosses, hornworts, liverworts

72
Q

Vascular plants

A

Seedless

Club moss, horsetails, ferns

73
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Naked seeds

Conifers

74
Q

Flowering plants

A

Flowers

Dicots, monocots

75
Q

How do plants adapt to land?

A 
Cuticle
Stomata
Mycorrhizae
Roots
Vascular
Flowers
Seeds

AP Biology (7 decks)

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